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Elaterium
Elaterium or elaterin is the name of a plant extract that is used as a purgative. It is extracted from the juice of the fruit of ''Ecballium elaterium'' (squirting cucumber), which is native to the Mediterranean region.
==Extraction==
To prepare the extract the fruit of ''Ecballium elaterium'' is sliced lengthwise and slightly pressed; the greenish and slightly turbid juice thus obtained is strained and set aside; and the deposit of elaterium formed after a few hours is collected on a linen filter, rapidly drained, and dried on porous tiles at a gentle heat. Elaterium is met with in commerce in light, thin, friable, flat or slightly incurved opaque cakes, of a greyish-green color, bitter taste and tea-like smell.
The extract is soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in water and ether. The official dose used to be grain, and the ''British pharmacopeia'' at the beginning of the 20th century directs that the drug is to contain from 20 to 25% of the active principle elaterinum or elaterin. A resin in the natural product aids its action. Elaterin is extracted from elaterium by chloroform and then precipitated by ether. It has the formula C32H44O7. It forms colorless scales which have a bitter taste, but it is highly inadvisable to taste either this substance or elaterium. The ''British pharmacopeia'' contains a useful preparation, the Pulvis Elaterini Compositus, which contains one part of the active principle in forty.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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