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Elmisaurus
''Elmisaurus'' is an extinct genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was a theropod belonging to the Oviraptorosauria. Its fossils have been found in Mongolia. It is known from foot and hand bones.
==Discovery==
In 1970 a paleontological Polish-Mongolian expedition discovered two fragmentary specimens of a small theropod in the Ömnögovĭ province of Mongolia. The type species, ''Elmisaurus rarus'', was named and described by Halszka Osmólska in 1981. The generic name is derived from Mongol ''elmyi'' or ''ölmyi'', "foot sole" as the type specimen consisted of a metatarsus. The specific name means "rare" in Latin. The holotype is ZPAL MgD-I/172, a left metatarsus fused with the tarsalia. There are two paratypes: ZPAL MgD-I/98, consisting of a right hand and foot, and ZPAL MgD-I/20, the upper part of the left metatarsus of a larger individual.〔Osmólska, H. (1981). Coossified tarsometatarsi in theropod dinosaurs and their bearing on the problem of bird origins. ''Palaeontologica Polonica'' 42:79-95.〕
A second species, ''Elmisaurus elegans'', was named in 1989 by Philip J. Currie.〔Currie, P.J. (1989). "The first records of ''Elmisaurus'' (Saurischia, Theropoda) from North America." ''Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences'' 26(6):1319-1324〕 This represented a North American form originally described as a species of ''Ornithomimus'' by William Arthur Parks in 1933, based on specimen ROM 781, a foot.〔Parks, W.A. (1933). New species of dinosaurs and turtles from the Upper Cretaceous formations of Alberta. ''University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series'' 34:1-33.〕 Currie also referred the material of the American form ''Caenagnathus sternbergi'', based on a jaw fragment, to ''Elmisaurus elegans''. Due to their poor preservation and geographical distance from the type species, the classification of the American forms has been contentious. In 1997, Hans-Dieter Sues stated that this supposed second species of ''Elmisaurus'' should be referred to ''Chirostenotes'', as a ''Chirostenotes elegans'',〔Sues, H.-D. (1997). "On ''Chirostenotes'', a Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America." ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 17(4):698-716.〕 though this position was not accepted by Currie.〔Currie, P.J., 2005, "Theropods, including birds". In: Currie, P.J. and Koppelhus E.B. (eds). ''Dinosaur Provincial Park, a spectacular ecosystem revealed, Part Two, Flora and Fauna from the park''. Indiana University Press. pp. 367-397〕 However, other researchers, including Maryanska, Osmólska, and their colleagues, followed Sues in reassigning ''E. elegans'' to ''Chirostenotes''.〔Maryanska, Osmolska and Wolsan, (2002). "Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria." ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'', 47(1): 97-116.〕
In a 2001 study conducted by Bruce Rothschild and other paleontologists, 23 foot bones referred to ''Elmisaurus'' were examined for signs of stress fracture, but none were found.〔Rothschild, B., Tanke, D. H., and Ford, T. L., 2001, Theropod stress fractures and tendon avulsions as a clue to activity: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 331-336.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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