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Endorphins
Endorphins ("endogenous morphine") are endogenous opioid neuropeptides. They are produced by the central nervous system and pituitary gland. The term implies a pharmacological activity (analogous to the activity of the corticosteroid category of biochemicals) as opposed to a specific chemical formulation. It consists of two parts: ''endo-'' and ''-orphin''; these are short forms of the words ''endogenous'' and ''morphine,'' intended to mean "a morphine-like substance originating from within the body". The class of endorphin compounds includes α-endorphin, β-endorphin, γ-endorphin, α-neo-endorphin, and β-neo-endorphin. The principal function of endorphins is to inhibit the transmission of pain signals; they may also produce a feeling of euphoria very similar to that produced by other opioids.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/exercise-happiness2.htm )〕
==History==
Opioid neuropeptides were first discovered in 1974 by two independent groups of investigators:
* John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz of Scotland isolated — from the brain of a pig — what some called enkephalins (from the Greek , ''ラテン語:cerebrum'').
* Around the same time, in a calf brain, Rabi Simantov and Solomon H. Snyder of the United States found what Eric Simon (who independently discovered opioid receptors in vertebral brains) later termed "endorphin" by an abbreviation of "endogenous morphine", meaning "morphine produced naturally in the body".〔 Importantly, recent studies have demonstrated that human and diverse animal tissues are in fact capable of producing morphine itself, which is not a peptide.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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