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Enheduanna (Akkadian: ; 2285–2250 BCE), also transliterated as Enheduana, En-hedu-ana or EnHeduAnna〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.women-philosophers.com/EnHeduAnna.html )〕 ("en" means ''high priest'' or ''high priestess'', and "hedu" means ''adornment'', so this name translates to "high priestess adornment of the god, An"〔With reference to Nanna, the Moon God, the title "heduana" is a poetic epithet denoting the beauty of the Moon in the sky. Hedu means "adornment", and Ana means "of the sky and earth".〕), was the daughter of king Sargon of Akkad and High Priestess of the moon god Nanna (Sin)〔''Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary'' by Jeremy Black and Anthony Green (1992, ISBN 0-292-70794-0), p. 134 (entry "Nanna-Suen").〕 in the Sumerian city-state of Ur. She was the first known holder of the title "En Priestess", a role of great political importance that was often held by royal daughters.〔J Renger 1967: "Untersuchungen zum Priestertum in der altbabylonischen Zeit", ''Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie''. Vol. 58. p. 118.〕 Enheduanna was one of the earliest women in history whose name is known. Regarded by literary and historical scholars as possibly the earliest known author and poet, Enheduanna served as the "High Priestess" during the third millennium BCE.〔 She was appointed to the role by her father, King Sargon of Akkad. Her mother was probably Queen Tashlultum. Enheduanna has left behind a corpus of literary works, definitively ascribed to her, that include several personal devotions to the goddess Inanna and a collection of hymns known as the "Sumerian Temple Hymns," regarded as one of the first attempts at a systematic theology. In addition, scholars, such as Hallo and Van Dijk, suggest that certain texts not ascribed to her may also be her works.〔Hallo, William W. and Van Dijk, J.J.A. (1968). ''The Exaltation of Inanna''. Yale University Press. p. 3.〕 Enheduanna was appointed to the role of High Priestess in a shrewd political move by Sargon to help secure power in the Sumerian south where the City of Ur was located.〔Franke, Franke, S. Kings of Akkad: Sargon and Naram-Sin" in Sasson, Jack, M. "Civilizations of the Ancient Near East". Scribener, New York, 1995, p. 831〕 She continued to hold office during the reign of Rimush, her brother. It was during the reign of Rimush that she was involved in some form of political turmoil, expelled, then eventually reinstated as high priestess. Her composition 'The Exaltation of Inanna' or ‘nin me sar2-ra’〔(ETCSL translation: t.4.07.2 )〕 details her expulsion from Ur and eventual reinstatement (Franke 1995: 835). This correlates with 'The Curse of Akkade'〔(ETCSL translation: t.2.1.5 )〕 in which Naram-Sin, under whom Enheduanna may have also served, is cursed and cast out by Enlil. After her death, Enheduanna continued to be remembered as an important figure, perhaps even attaining semi-divine status.〔Hallo, William W. and Van Dijk, J.J.A. ''The Exaltation of Inanna'', Yale University Press, 1968 p. 5〕 ==Archaeological and textual evidence== Enheduanna is well-known from archaeological and textual sources. Two seals bearing her name, belonging to her servants and dating to the Sargonic period, have been excavated at the Royal Cemetery at Ur.〔Gadd, C. J. et al Ur Excavations Texts I – Royal Inscriptions" Trustees of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, London, 1928〕〔Woolley, Leonard. Ur Excavations II: The royal cemetery: a report on the pre-dynastic and Sargonid graves excavated between 1926 and 1931". For the Trustees of the two Museums by the Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1934 p.312, 334–335 & 358.〕 In addition an Alabaster disc bearing her name and likeness was excavated in the Gipar at Ur, which was the main residence of the En Priestess. The statue was found in the Isin-Larsa (c. 2000–1800 BCE) levels of the Giparu alongside a statue of the En Priestess Enannatumma.〔Weadock, P. 1975 'The Giparu at Ur.' Iraq 37(2): 101–128.〕 Copies of Enheduanna's work, many dating to hundreds of years after her death, were made and kept in Nippur, Ur and possibly Lagash alongside Royal inscriptions which indicates that they were of high value, perhaps equal to the inscriptions of Kings (Westenholz 1989:540). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Enheduanna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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