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Epiousios () is a unique Greek word used in the fourth petition of the Lord's Prayer, as recorded in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 6:11) and the Gospel of Luke (Luke 11:3). :Τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον〔http://www.greekbible.com/index.php〕 :"Give us today our ''daily'' bread,"〔http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0839/__PVF.HTM〕 :Matthew 6:11 However, the word is not found anywhere else in the original scriptures of the Bible, nor, moreover, anywhere else in all of Classical Greek literature. The Greek term otherwise used throughout the New Testament for "daily" is ''kath hemeran'' (καθ' ἡμέραν, "according to the day").〔''The New Greek-English Interlinear New Testament'', 1993, The United Bible Societies, (basis: UBS4 Greek text), page x of Introduction〕 ''Epiousios'' was rendered as quotidianum ("daily") in the Vetus Latina and revised to supersubstantialem in the Vulgate, albeit only in Matthew's version. From the New American Bible Revised Edition: :"Give us today our daily bread: the rare Greek word epiousios, here ''daily'', occurs in the New Testament only here and in ⇒ Luke 11:3. A single occurrence of the word outside of these texts and of literature dependent on them has been claimed, but the claim is highly doubtful. The word may mean daily ''or'' future (other meanings have also been proposed). The ''latter'' would conform better to the eschatological tone ''of the whole prayer''. So understood, the petition would be for a speedy coming of the kingdom (today), which is often portrayed in both the Old Testament and the New under the image of a feast (⇒ Isaiah 25:6; ⇒ Matthew 8:11; ⇒ 22:1-10; ⇒ Luke 13:29; ⇒ 14:15-24)."〔http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0839/_PVF.HTM#MJF2〕 Regardless of the lack of true correspondence of meaning, the word is nonetheless most often translated as "Give us this day our ''daily'' bread." ==Translation and interpretation== Jerome's Latin Vulgate translates "panem nostrum supersubstantialem da nobis hodie". Apart from the literal interpretation as a prayer for sustenance, the phrase has been given a variety of spiritual or metaphorical interpretations. The translation of ''supersubstantial bread''〔E.g., in Richard Challoner's 1750 revision of the Douay Bible: "Give us this day our supersubstantial bread". Quoted in Blackford Condit's (''The History of the English Bible'' ), A.S. Barnes & Co.: New York, 1882. p. 323.〕 has also been associated with the eucharist, as early as in the time of the Church Fathers and later also by the Council of Trent (1551).〔(Trent, Session 13, Chapter VIII ))〕 ''A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature'',〔Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich, Danker, eds. ''A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature''. University of Chicago Press (the Bauer lexicon)〕 edited by Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich, Danker, University of Chicago Press, the standard lexicon for NT Greek, while noting historical interpretations and modern opinions, concludes that Origen was probably correct that the term was coined by the evangelists.〔"Let us now consider what the word ''epiousion'', needful, means. First of all it should be known that the word ''epiousion'' is not found in any Greek writer whether in philosophy or in common usage, but seems to have been formed by the evangelists. At least Matthew and Luke, in having given it to the world, concur in using it in identical form. The same thing has been done by translators from Hebrew in other instances also; for what Greek ever used the expression ''enotizou'' or ''akoutisthete'' instead of ''eistaota dexai'' or ''akousai poice se''?" (Origen, ''On Prayer'') (Chapter XVII, "Give us today our needful bread" ))〕 It lists four possible translations: 1. deriving from Epi and Ousia: ''necessary for existence'', in agreement with Origen, Chrysostom, Jerome and others; 2. ''one loaf of bread is the daily requirement''; 3. ''for the following day''; 4. deriving from epienai: ''bread for the future''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Epiousios」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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