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Epistemology
Epistemology (; ) is a term first used by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier to describe the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge;〔Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 3, 1967, Macmillan, Inc.〕 it is also referred to as "theory of knowledge". Put concisely, it is the study of knowledge and justified belief. It questions what knowledge is and how it can be acquired, and the extent to which knowledge pertinent to any given subject or entity can be acquired. Much of the debate in this field has focused on the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to connected notions such as truth, belief, and justification. The term was probably first introduced in Ferrier's ''Institutes of Metaphysic: The Theory of Knowing and Being'' (1854), p. 46.〔Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, 2007〕
==Background and meaning==
The word ''epistemology'' is derived from the Greek ''epistēmē'' meaning "knowledge" and ''logos'' meaning "speech" or "word", in this context denoting "codified knowledge of". J.F. Ferrier coined ''epistemology'' on the model of 'ontology', to designate that branch of philosophy which aims to discover the meaning of knowledge, and called it the 'true beginning' of philosophy. The word is equivalent to the German concept ''Wissenschaftslehre'', which was used by Fichte and Bolzano for different projects before it was taken up again by Husserl. French philosophers then gave the term ''épistémologie'' a narrower meaning as 'theory of knowledge ''(de la connaissance )''.' E.g., Émile Meyerson opened his ''Identity and Reality'', written in 1908, with the remark that the word 'is becoming current' as equivalent to 'the philosophy of the sciences.'
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