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Epochalism
Epochalism – an attitude of respect for the progressive spirit of the age and for social and technological advancement - was contrasted by Clifford Geertz with what he termed the (essentialist) valorisation of traditional values, as a central social polarity pervading developing nations.〔Clifford Geertz, ''The Interpretation of Culture'' (1973) p. 240-1〕
More broadly, the term used has been used to describe the post-Fordist, postmodern belief that the current era or epoch represents a fundamental clean break with the past; is something unique in human history; and due to this radical change, previous rules will no longer apply. 〔 E. Morozov, ''To Save Everything, Click Here'' (2013) p. 44 〕 〔 J. Urry, ''Climate Change and Society'' (2011) p. 36〕
==Polarities in emerging economies==
Epochalism in the developing world can be seen purely as a progressive force, favouring movement toward secularisation and industrial advance, as opposed to a regressive return to the traditional values of community and Gemeinschaft.〔B. K. Khlief, ''Language, Ethnicity and Education in Wales'' (1980) p. 6〕 However, in practice the situation is likely to be more complicated: nationalist struggles for independence have often relied on essentialist appeals to authentic ethnic communities and cultural practices, as well as to epochalism, in order to free themselves from dependence on a Western model/Western control.〔Edward Said, ''Culture and Imperialism'' (1993) p. 263 and p. 371〕
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