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Erinaceus
''Erinaceus'' is a genus of European hedgehog from the family of Erinaceidae. There are four main species of ''Erinaceus''. The range is all across Europe, throughout the Middle East, parts of Russia, and extending to northern China. Some of the European hedgehogs have been introduced to New Zealand.〔Macdonald, David W. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1984 ISBN 0871968711.〕
==Description==
''Erinaceus'' is like all hedgehogs in that the major physical characteristic is the spines. These spines are a modification of the hair that is formed and strengthened by keratin. The spines contain hollow air filled gaps separated by thin inner layers of the spine to lessen the weight load.〔Grzimek, Bernhard, Neil Schlager, Donna Olendorf, and Melissa C. McDade. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2004.〕 Every spine is tapered at the end to form a point and also at the base where it then forms a bulb that is attached to the skin. The tapering at the base allows the spine to have a section that will bend under stress and dampen forces placed on the spines. Each of the spines has a dermal muscle that erects the spine for defense.〔 The size of ''Erinaceus'' is 20–30 cm with a weight of 400–1200 g.〔Lal, S. S. Practical Zoology Vertebrate. Meerut, IN: Global Media, 2010.〕
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