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|common_name = Eritrea |image_flag = Flag of Eritrea.svg |image_coat = Emblem of Eritrea (sinople argent naturel azur).svg |symbol_type = Emblem |image_map = Eritrea (orthographic projection).svg |image_map2 = Eritrea - Location Map (2013) - ERI - UNOCHA.svg |national_anthem = ''Ertra, Ertra, Ertra'' |official_languages = none 〔http://www.britannica.com/place/Eritrea Encyclopedia Britannica〕 |languages_type = Working Languages |languages = |demonym = Eritrean |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = 2012〔(CIA – Eritrea – Ethnic groups ). Cia.gov. Retrieved 25 June 2012.〕 |capital = Asmara |latd=15 |latm=20 |latNS=N |longd=38 |longm=55 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |government_type = Single-party presidential republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Isaias Afwerki |legislature = National Assembly |sovereignty_type = Formation |established_event1 = Dʿmt |established_date1 = c. 980 |established_event2 = Kingdom of Aksum |established_date2 = c. 100 |established_event3 = Italian Eritrea |established_date3 = 1890 |established_event4 = Eritrean Federation |established_date4 = 15 September 1952 |established_event5 =''De facto'' State of Eritrea |established_date5 = 24 May 1991 |established_event6 = ''De jure'' State of Eritrea |established_date6 = 24 May 1993 |area_rank = 101st |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 117,600 |area_sq_mi = 45,405 |percent_water = 0.14% |population_estimate = 6,380,803〔 |population_estimate_rank = 107th |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_density_km2 = 51.8 |population_density_sq_mi = 111.7 |population_density_rank = 154th |GDP_PPP = $7.814 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Eritrea )〕 |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,195〔 |GDP_nominal = $3.858 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $590〔 |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.381 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 182nd |currency = Nakfa |currency_code = ERN |time_zone = EAT |utc_offset = +3 |time_zone_DST = not observed |utc_offset_DST = +3 |drives_on = right |calling_code = +291 |ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = ER |ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = ERI |ISO_3166-1_numeric = 232 |sport_code = ERI |vehicle_code = ER |cctld = .er |footnote = a. Afar, Beni-Amer, Nara. }} Eritrea ( or ; (ティグリニャ語:ኤርትራ) '; (アラビア語:إرتريا) '), officially the State of Eritrea,〔(ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-13 ) International Organization for Standardization〕 is a country in the Horn of Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea, across from Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The nation has a total area of approximately , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its name ''Eritrea'' is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea (), which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890. Eritrea is a multi-ethnic country, with nine recognized ethnic groups in its population of around six million. Most residents speak Afroasiatic languages, either of the Semitic or Cushitic branches. Among these communities, the Tigrinya make up about 55% of the population, with the Tigre people constituting around 30% of inhabitants. In addition, there are a number of Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities. Most people in the territory adhere to Christianity or Islam. The Kingdom of Aksum, covering much of modern-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, rose somewhere around the first or second centuries〔Munro-Hay, Stuart (1991) (Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity ). Edinburgh: University Press, p. 57 ISBN 0-7486-0106-6.〕〔Henze, Paul B. (2005) ''Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia'', ISBN 1-85065-522-7.〕 and adopted Christianity around the time Islam had spread through Egypt and the Levant.〔(Aksumite Ethiopia ). Workmall.com (24 March 2007). Retrieved 3 March 2012.〕 In medieval times much of Eritrea fell under the Medri Bahri kingdom, with a smaller region being part of Hamasien. The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. Eritrea is a member of the African Union, the United Nations, and IGAD, and is an observer in the Arab League. ==Name== During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as ''Medri Bahri'' ("sea-land"). The name ''Eritrea'' is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (, based on the adjective "red"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (''Colonia Eritrea''). The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936. Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 (nominally within a federation until 1962) and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as ''State of Eritrea'' in the 1997 constitution. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eritrea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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