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Erlikosaurus
''Erlikosaurus'' is a genus of herbivorous theropod dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Period, belonging to the Therizinosauridae. Its fossils, a skull and some post-cranial fragments, were found in the Bayan Shireh Formation of Mongolia, dating to around 90 million years ago.〔
==Discovery and naming==
The remains of ''Erlikosaurus'' were discovered in 1972 at Bayshin Tsav, during a Soviet-Mongolian expedition in Ömnögovi Province. The type species, ''Erlikosaurus andrewsi'', was named and described by Altangerel Perle in 1980, in an article co-authored with Rinchen Barsbold, who however, is not indicated as the name-giver of this particular species. Its generic name was taken from that of the demon king Erlik from Turko-Mongolian mythology and the specific name of the American paleontologist Roy Chapman Andrews.〔R. Barsbold and A. Perle, 1980, "Segnosauria, a new infraorder of carnivorous dinosaurs", ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'' 25(2): 187-195〕 Confusingly, in 1981 Perle again named the species as if it were new, this time spelling the generic name as a Latinised "Erlicosaurus".〔A. Perle, 1981, "Noviy segnozavrid iz verchnego mela Mongolii", ''Trudy - Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya'' 15: 50-59〕 It is today generally considered that the original name, ''Erlikosaurus'', is valid.
The holotype, IGM 100/111, was found in layers dating from the Cenomanian-Santonian. It consists of a complete skull with lower jaws, some cervical vertebrae fragments, the left humerus and the right foot. At the time it was the only known therizinosaur (then called segnosaurs) for which a skull had been discovered.〔 This helped shed light on a puzzling and poorly known group of dinosaurs. It still represents the most completely known therizinosaurian skull.
Some scientists have speculated that ''Erlikosaurus'' may be the same animal as ''Enigmosaurus mongoliensis'' named in 1983,〔 since the latter was found in the same geologic formation, and was only known from part of a hip, whereas the pelvis of ''Erlikosaurus'' is unknown. This would make ''Enigmosaurus'' a junior synonym of ''Erlikosaurus''.〔 However, since the ''Enigmosaurus'' hip did not resemble that of ''Segnosaurus'' as closely as would be expected for the ''Segnosaurus''-like ''Erlikosaurus'' remains and there is a considerable size difference, paleontologist Rinchen Barsbold disputed the alleged synonymy.〔"Erlikosaurus." In: Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel, David B. ''The Age of Dinosaurs''. Publications International, LTD. p. 142. ISBN 0-7853-0443-6.〕 Consequently, ''Enigmosaurus'' and ''Erlikosaurus'' are generally still considered separate genera.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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