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Xionites, Chionites, or Chionitae (Middle Persian: ''Xiyon''; Avestan: ''Xiiaona''; Sogdian: Xwn; Pahlavi: Huna), or Hunni, Yun or Xūn (獯), were an Iranian-speaking people who were prominent in Transoxania and Bactria. The Xionites (Chionitae) are first mentioned with Kushans (Cuseni) by Ammianus Marcellinus who spent the winter of 356-57 CE in their Balkh territory. They arrived with the wave of immigration from Central Asia into Iran in late antiquity. They were influenced by the Kushan and Bactrian cultures, while patronizing the Eastern Iranian languages, and became a threat on the northeastern frontier of the Sassanid Empire.〔 == Origins == It is difficult to determine the ethnic composition of the Xionites.〔 Simocatta, Menander, and Priscus provide evidence that the Xionites were somewhat different from the Hephthalites although, Frye suggested that the Hepthalites may have been a prominent tribe or clan of the Xionites.〔Richard Nelson Frye; ("''Emperor Ardeshir and the cycle of history''" )〕 They followed their versions of Buddhism and Shaivism mixed with animism. In 1932 Sir Harold Walter Bailey wrote:〔Harold Walter Bailey, ''Iranian Studies'', Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London. BSOAS, vol. 6, No. 4 (1932)〕 In 1944 Carlile Aylmer Macartney wrote: A more recent specialist, Richard Nelson Frye〔Richard Nelson Frye, "''Pre-Islamic and early Islamic cultures in Central Asia''" in "''Turko-Persia in historical perspective''", edited by (Robert L. Canfield ), Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 49.〕 wrote in 1991: In 1992 Wolfgang Felix〔 considered the Xionites a tribe of probable Iranian origin that was prominent in Bactria and Transoxania in late antiquity. According to A.S. Shahbazi (2005),〔 the Xionites were a "Hunnic" people who by the early 4th century had mixed with north Iranian elements in Transoxiana, adopted the Kushan-Bactrian language, and threatened Persia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Xionites」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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