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An eruv ((:ʔeˈʁuv); (ヘブライ語:עירוב), "mixture", also transliterated as eiruv or erub, plural: eruvin (:ʔeʁuˈvin)) is a ritual enclosure that some communities construct in their neighborhoods as a way to permit Jewish residents or visitors to carry certain objects outside their own homes on Sabbath and Yom Kippur. An eruv accomplishes this by integrating a number of private and public properties into one larger private domain, thereby countermanding restrictions on carrying objects from the private to the public domain on Sabbath and holidays. The ''eruv'' allows these religious Jews to, among other things, carry house keys, tissues, medicines, or babies with them, and use strollers and canes. The presence or absence of an ''eruv'' thus especially affects the lives of people with limited mobility and those responsible for taking care of babies and young children. ==Definition== It is referred to as "transferring between domains" in English. In Hebrew it is מוציא מרשות לרשות / הוצאה and the exact translation is "transferring something from one domain type to another domain type". Chapters 1 and 11 of Talmud tractate Shabbat deals with the ''melakha'' of transferring from one domain to another, commonly called "carrying". The tractate distinguishes four domains: private, public, semi-public and an exempt area. It holds that the transfer of an article from a private to a public domain is Biblically forbidden; transferring an article between a semi-public to a private or public domain is Rabbinically prohibited; transferring of an article between an exempt area and any other domain is permissible; carrying an article four ''amos'' (about 1.7 m) may be forbidden in a public or semi-public domain and permitted in a private domain or exempt area; and carrying inside a private domain or between private domains may be permissible (see Eruv). For these purposes "transferring" means "removing and depositing", so carrying an article out of one domain type and returning to the same domain type without setting it down in the interim into a different domain type does not constitute transference from one domain type to another domain type. The definition of public and private domain is related to its relative amount of enclosures, not on strict ownership. It should be noted that this is a particularly complex area of law, as the legal definitions of private and public domains are intricate, although clear. Background knowledge, and definitions, of domain types must be understood before one can fully understand the laws of transference in this context. This law is often referred to as ''carrying''. This is a misnomer. Carrying within a domain type is perfectly permitted, with limits of four amos in a public domain. It is the ''transference'' between domain types that is considered a creative activity for the purposes of Sabbath observance. Indeed, what an eruv accomplishes is a merger of different domain types into one domain type, making carrying within the area enclosed by the eruv no different from carrying within a room of a house (i.e. one domain type, namely a private domain), which is permitted. According to traditional Jewish commentators,〔See Rashi and Ibn Ezra on the Torah. Talmud ''Eruvin'' 17b〕 this category of ''melakha'' (work) is mentioned in : :"Let no man leave (go out) his place on the seventh day" Likewise according to the Talmud,〔Talmud ''Shabbos'' 96b〕 the account of the man who was executed for getting wood in was because he violated this prohibition. Also, Jeremiah has been interpreted in order to justify this prohibition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eruv」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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