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| Erythromycin ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Erythromycin
Erythromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.〔 This includes respiratory tract infections, skin infections, chlamydia infections, and syphilis. It may also be used during pregnancy to prevent Group B streptococcal infection in the newborn.〔 Erythromycin may be used to improve delayed stomach emptying. It can be given intravenously and by mouth.〔 An eye ointment is routinely recommended after delivery to prevent eye infections in the newborn.
Common side effects include abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. More serious side effects may include ''Clostridium difficile'' colitis, liver problems, prolonged QT, and allergic reactions. It is generally safe in those who are allergic to penicillin.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/erythromycin.html )〕 Erythromycin also appears to be safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm#.U1Yw8Bc3tqw )〕〔 It is in the macrolide family and works by decreasing the making of protein by bacteria.〔
Erythromycin was first isolated in 1952 from the bacteria ''Saccharopolyspora erythraea''.〔 It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is available as a generic medication and is cheap. The wholesale price is between 0.03 and 0.06 USD per tablet.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=ERY250T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=250%20mg&desc=Erythromycin&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=06%2E2%2E2%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2806%2E2%2E2%2E%29Other%20antibacterials%3Cbr%3E )〕
== Medical uses ==
Erythromycin can be used to treat bacteria responsible for causing infections of the skin and upper respiratory tract, including ''Streptococcus'', ''Staphylococcus'', and ''Haemophilus'' genera. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant bacteria:
* ''Haemophilus influenzae'': 0.015 to 256 μg/ml
* ''Staphylococcus aureus'': 0.023 to 1024 μg/ml
* ''Streptococcus pyogenes'': 0.004 to 256 μg/ml
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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