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:''Estancia'' ''is also a verse form in Spanish poetry.'' An ''estancia'' (American Spanish: (:esˈtansja)) or ''Estância'' () is a Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese term describing private landholdings. In some areas these were large rural complexes with similarities to what in the United States is called a ranch. They are large farms which are spread over extensive areas, often 10,000 hectares. Estancias in the southern South American grasslands, the ''pampas'', have historically been estates used to raise livestock (cattle or sheep) estate. == History == In the early Caribbean territories and Mexico, holders of ''encomiendas'' acquired land in the area where they had access to Indian labor. They needed on-site Hispanic supervisors or labor bosses called ''estancieros''. In Mexico, multiple estancias owned by the same individual could be termed an hacienda.〔James Lockhart and Stuart Schwartz, ''Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil,'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, pp. 69-71.138〕 The term estancia is used in various ways in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, southern Chile and southern Brazil. The equivalent in other Spanish American countries would be ''hacienda''. During the first centuries of Spanish colonial rule, the Spanish introduced cattle into the colonies for livestock. In the peripheral areas of northern Mexico and the southern part of South America, these animals roamed free; settlers conducted periodic raids to catch and slaughter them. In the 19th century stationary ranching ventures started to form in the ''pampas'', with permanent buildings and marked livestock that clearly defined ownership. They were called ''estancias'', the term indicating the stationary, permanent character. The estancia's ranch worker on horseback in Argentina, the ''gaucho'', has similar status in national folklore and identity to the cowboy of North America. Since the late 20th century, agriculture has intensified as an industry; landowners have often shifted from livestock to crop farming in the pampas of Argentina and Uruguay, due to the region’s high soil fertility. A small number of estancias in Argentina and Uruguay, as well as in Paraguay or Chile, particularly those with historic architecture, have been converted into guest ranches called ''paradores.'' Several cities and villages, mainly but not exclusively in Latin America, developed from such estancias and are named accordingly, for example: * Estância in Sergipe state, Brazil * Estancia El Brete, Salta Province, Argentina * Estancia, Iloilo in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Estancia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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