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Estoppel
In law, estoppel is a set of doctrines in which a court prevents a litigant from taking an action the litigant normally would have the right to take, in order to prevent an inequitable result. Estoppel occurs when a party "reasonably relies on the promise of another party, and because of the reliance is injured or damaged".〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Estoppel legal definition )〕 For example, estoppel precludes "a person from denying, or asserting anything to the contrary of, that which has, in contemplation of law, been established as the truth, either by the acts of judicial or legislative officers, or by his own deed, acts, or representations, either express or implied".〔("Lawlink" ), 28 Am Jur 2d Estoppel and Waiver § 1〕
==Etymology and usage==
The verb is ''estop'', which comes from Middle English ''estoppen'', itself borrowed from Old French ''estop(p)er'', ''estouper'', presumably from Vulgar Latin
*''stuppāre'' ‘to stop up with tow, caulk’〔''American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language''〕 The noun form ''estoppel'' is based on the Old French ''estoupail'' ‘stopper, bung’, a derivative of ''estouper''.
Where a court finds that a party has done something warranting a form of estoppel, that party is said to be estopped from making certain related arguments or claiming certain related rights. The defendant is estopped from presenting the related defence, or the plaintiff is estopped from making the related argument against the defendant. Lord Coke stated, "It is called an estoppel or conclusion, because a man's own act or acceptance stoppeth or closeth up his mouth to allege or plead the truth."〔2 Coke, Littleton 352a〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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