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Ethnozoology
Ethnozoology is the study of the past and present interrelationships between human cultures and the animals in their environment.〔(Ethnozoology Index )〕 It includes classification and naming of zoological forms, cultural knowledge and use of wild and domestic animals.〔Johnson, Leslie Main. Ethnobiology - Traditional Biological Knowledge in Contemporary Global Context. Anthropology 491 study guide, Athabasca University 2002. p. 71〕 It is one of the main subdisciplines of ethnobiology and shares many methodologies and theoretical frameworks with ethnobotany.
Ethnozoology is the study of human and animal interaction. Ethnobiology includes ethnobotany, which concerns the study of human-plant relationships and ethnozoology. Ethnozoology focuses explicitly on human-animal relationships and knowledge humans have acquired concerning the Earth’s fauna. Ethnozoological study concerns the significance of this knowledge to our understanding of the roles played by animals in human society. Faunal resources play a variety of roles in human life throughout history, and their importance to human beings is not only utilitarian but cultural, religious, artistic, and philosophical.〔Alves, R. (2012). Relationships between fauna and people and the role of ethnozoology in animal conservation. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 1〕 Ethnozoology can be understood broadly, from ecological, cognitive, and symbolic perspectives. Human knowledge about natural faunal resources entails sensing, recognizing, classifying, living things. Ethnozoology is a discipline that connects scientific methods to traditional systems of knowledge and cultural beliefs.
== History ==
Our earliest depictions of the human-animal relationship, rock paintings depicting animals like bison and horses being hunted by human figures, are around 35,000 years old,.〔Leary, M. R., & Buttermore, N. R. (2003). The evolution of the human self: Tracing the natural history of Self‐Awareness. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 33(4), 365-404.〕 Early depictions of animals are drawn in great detail compared with the stick-figure human hunters, which suggests the reverence that humans once felt toward animals, on whose flesh their survival depended.〔Hurn, S. (2012). Humans and other animals: Cross-cultural perspectives on human-animal interactions. London: Pluto Press.〕 This kind of reverence was even spiritual.
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