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Eudimorphodon
''Eudimorphodon'' was a pterosaur that was discovered in 1973 by Mario Pandolfi near Bergamo, Italy and described the same year by Rocco Zambelli. The nearly complete skeleton was retrieved from shale deposited during the Late Triassic (mid to late Norian stage),〔Wellnhofer, P. (1991). "Summary of Triassic Pterosaurs." ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs.'' London, UK: Salamander Books Limited. p. 67. ISBN 0-86101-566-5.〕 making ''Eudimorphodon'' one of the oldest pterosaurs known.〔Cranfield, I. ''The Illustrated Directory of Dinosaurs and Other Prehistoric Creatures''. London: Salamander Books, Ltd. Pp. 280-281.〕 It had a wingspan of about and at the end of its long bony tail may have been a diamond-shaped flap like in the later ''Rhamphorhynchus''. If so, the flap may have helped it steer while maneuvering in the air. ''Eudimorphodon'' is known from several skeletons, including juvenile specimens.
==Description==
''Eudimorphodon'' was a small pterosaur, being in length, and weighing no more than . Its fourth finger had a very large size, and attached to the membrane making up the wing.〔
''Eudimorphodon'' showed a strong differentiation of the teeth, hence its name, which is derived from ancient Greek for "true dimorphic tooth". It also possessed a large number of these teeth, a total of 110 of them densely packed into a jaw only six centimeters long. The front of the jaw was filled with fangs, per side four in the upper jaw, two in the lower jaw, that rather abruptly gave way to a line of smaller multipointed teeth, 25 in the upper jaw, 26 in the lower jaw, most of which had five cusps〔
The morphology of the teeth are suggestive of a piscivorous diet, which has been confirmed by preserved stomach contents containing the remains of fish of the genus ''Parapholidophorus''. ''Eudimorphodon'' had slightly differing dentition with fewer teeth and may have had a more insectivorous diet.〔 The top and bottom teeth of ''Eudimorphodon'' came into direct contact with each other when the jaws were closed, especially at the back of the jaw. This degree of ''dental occlusion'' is the strongest known among pterosaurs. The teeth were multi-cusped, and tooth wear shows that ''Eudimorphodon'' was able to crush or chew its food to some degree. Wear along the sides of these teeth suggests that ''Eudimorphodon'' also fed on hard-shelled invertebrates.〔Osi, A. (2010). "Feeding-related characters in basal pterosaurs: implications for jaw mechanism, dental function and diet." ''Lethaia'', 〕 The teeth distinguish ''Eudimorphodon'', because almost all other pterosaurs either had simple teeth, or lacked them altogether. Benson ''et al.'' (2012) noticed that the teeth would have been perfect for grabbing and crushing fish.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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