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Euphemus
Euphemus (, "reputable") in Greek mythology was the name of several distinct characters.
== The Argonaut ==
Euphemus was a son of Poseidon, granted by his father the power to walk on water.〔Apollonius Rhodius, ''Argonautica'', 1. 182〕〔Hyginus, ''Fabulae'', 14〕 He was counted among the Calydonian hunters〔Hyginus, ''Fabulae'', 173〕 and the Argonauts, and was connected with the legend of the foundation of Cyrene.〔〔 Euphemus's mother is variously named: Europe, daughter of the giant Tityos;〔〔Pindar, Pythian ode 4. 45〕 Doris or Mecionice, daughter of either Eurotas or Orion.〔Hesiod, ''Megalai Ehoiai'' 253 in scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 4. 35〕〔〔Tzetzes, ''Chiliades'' 2. 43〕 In some accounts he is said to have been married to Laonome, sister of Heracles.〔Tzetzes on Lycophron, 886〕〔Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 4. 76〕 His birthplace is given as "the banks of the Cephissus" by Pindar〔Pindar, ''Pythia'' 4.46.〕 or Hyria in Boeotia by the ''Megalai Ehoiai'',〔 but his later residence was Taenarum in Laconia.〔〔Apollonius Rhodius, ''Argonautica'', 1. 179〕〔Valerius Flaccus, ''Argonautica'', 1. 365〕〔''Argonautica Orphica'', 205〕 Euphemus joined the voyage of the Argonauts, and served the crew as helmsman.〔〔Pindar, Pythian Ode 4. 22〕 He let a dove fly between the Symplegades to see if the ship would be able to pass as well.〔Apollonius Rhodius, ''Argonautica'', 2. 536–562〕 By a Lemnian woman (Malicha, Malache, or Lamache) he became the father of Leucophanes.〔〔Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 4. 45〕
Euphemus was mythologically linked to the Greek colonization of Libya and foundation of Cyrene. In Pindar's Pythian Ode 4, the myth of him as the ancestor of the colonizers is recounted in the form of a prophecy by Medea, and runs as follows. When the Argonauts stop by the lake Tritonis in Libya, they encounter Eurypylus, a son of Poseidon, who offers them a clod of earth as a sign of hospitality. Euphemus takes the clod with instructions to throw it on the ground beside the entrance to the Underworld at Taenarum by which his descendants in the fourth generation would then rule over Libya. The clod is accidentally washed overboard and carried to the island Thera, and Libya is colonized from that island by Battus of Thera, an alleged distant descendant of Euphemus (by 17 generations), who founds Cyrene.〔Emily Kearns, "Euphemus", in Simon Hornblower and Anthony Spawforth (editors), ''The Oxford Classical Dictionary'', Oxford University Press 2009.〕〔Judith Maitland, "Poseidon, Walls, and Narrative Complexity in the Homeric Iliad", ''The Classical Quarterly'', New Series, Vol 49, No 1 (1999), pp 1–13 at p 13, accessed 23 November 2011.〕〔Pindar, Pythian Ode 4. 14–56〕〔Herodotus, ''Histories'', 4. 150〕 The ''Argonautica'' by Apollonius Rhodius appears to follow a different version of the same myth: in the poem, when the Argonauts arrive near Lake Tritonis, Euphemus accepts the clod of earth from Triton who first introduces himself as Eurypylus but later reveals his true divine identity.〔Apollonius Rhodius, ''Argonautica'', 4. 1551–1562〕 Later, Euphemus has a dream of the clod producing drops of milk and then changing into a woman; in his dream, he has sex with the woman, and at the same time cries over her as if she were nursed by him; she then tells him that she is a daughter of Triton and Libya and the nurse of future children of Euphemus, and instructs him to entrust her to the care of the Nereids, promising that she would return in the future to provide a home for Euphemus' children. Euphemus consults Jason about this dream and, following his advice, throws the clod in the sea, whereupon it transforms into the island Calliste (Thera). The island is later colonized by the descendants of Euphemus who had previously been expelled from Lemnos and failed to find refuge in Sparta.〔Apollonius Rhodius, ''Argonautica'', 4. 1731–1764〕
Euphemus was portrayed on the chest of Cypselus as the winner of the chariot race at the funeral games of Pelias.〔Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'', 5. 17. 9〕
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