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Taillight shark
The taillight shark (''Euprotomicroides zantedeschia'') is a little-known species of dogfish shark in the family Dalatiidae, and the only member of its genus. It is known from only two specimens collected from deep oceanic waters in the southern Atlantic Ocean. A small shark with a laterally compressed body and a bulbous snout, this species has unusual adaptations that indicate a specialized lifestyle: its pectoral fins are paddle-like and may be used for propulsion, unlike other sharks, and it has a pouch-like gland on its abdomen that emits clouds of luminescent blue fluid. This shark is likely aplacental viviparous and a formidable predator for its size. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks sufficient data to assess its conservation status.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The first specimen of the taillight shark was collected by the Cape Town trawler ''Arum'' in 1963, and was initially identified as a longnose pygmy shark (''Heteroscymnoides marleyi'') before being recognized as a hitherto unknown species. The genus name ''Euprotomicroides'' comes from this shark's resemblance to the pygmy shark (''Euprotomicrus bispinatus''). The specific epithet ''zantedeschia'' is derived from ''Zantedeschia aethiopica'', a species of arum lily for which the trawler ''Arum'' was named.
Phylogenetic analysis based on dentition indicates that the taillight shark is the most basal member of its family, and is sister to the clade containing all other dalatiid species. Although there are no definitive fossil remains, the taillight shark may have evolved in the early Paleocene epoch (65.5–55.8 Ma), as part of a larger adaptive radiation of dogfish sharks into midwater habitats. The teeth of the extinct shark ''Palaeomicroides ursulae'', found in early Campanian (83.5–70.6 Ma) deposits in Germany, closely resemble those of the taillight shark.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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