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Eurafrique or Eurafrika (both portmanteaus of "Europe" and "Africa" in French and German) refers to the idea of strategic partnership between Africa and Europe. In the 1920s, Europe's future survival and continued role in history was seen in close connection with a successful merger with Africa.〔Eurafrica: The Untold History of European Integration and Colonialism, Peo Hansen, Stefan Jonsson, Bloomsbury Publishing, 23.10.2014〕 As a genuine political project, it played a crucial role in the early development of the European Union〔Guy Martin: ''Africa and the Ideology of Eurafrica: NeoColonialism or PanAfricanism?.'' In: ''The Journal of Modern African Studies.'' Nr. 20, 1982, S. 221.〕 but was largely forgotten afterwards. In the context of a renewed EU Strategy for Africa, and controversies about a Euromediterranean Partnership, the term went through a sort of revival in the last years.〔 ( Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of 27 June 2007 - From Cairo to Lisbon – The EU-Africa Strategic Partnership )〕 == Overview == The term was already coined in the high imperial period of the nineteenth century. It played a role in some technocratical fantasies, e.g. the Atlantropa vision in the 1920s and 30s〔Politische Geographien Europas: Annäherungen an ein umstrittenes Konstrukt, Anke Strüver, LIT Verlag Münster, 2005, p.43〕 (compare the recently failed Desertec project〔(Hsozcult review (German) ), Mediterrane Stromvisionen, Von Atlantropa zu DESERTEC? Alexander Gall, in Zeitgeschichte (nach 1945) U. Fraunholz u.a. (Hrsg.): Technology Fiction Technology Fiction. Technische Visionen und Utopien in der Hochmoderne, 1800/2000. Kulturgeschichte der Moderne 10, ed. Fraunholz, Uwe; Woschech, Anke, Bielefeld, Transcript 2012 ISBN, 978-3-8376-2072-6〕). It then aimed to integrate Afrikan countries providing raw materials with Europe.〔Thomas Moser: ''Europäische Integration, Dekolonisation, Eurafrika. Eine historische Analyse über die Entstehungsbedingungen der eurafrikanischen Gemeinschaft von der Weltwirtschaftskrise bis zum Jaunde-Vertrag, 1929-1963.'', 2000, p. 95.〕 Erich Obst was one of the propagators during World War II.〔 The 1920s saw Richard Nikolaus Coudenhove-Kalergi founding the first popular movement for a united Europe. His Paneuropean Union saw a Eurafrika alliance using the European colonies as "dowry"〔Peo Hansen/Stefan Jonsson: ''BRINGING AFRICA AS A ‘DOWRY TO EUROPE’.'' In: ''Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies.'' Nr. 13:3, 2011, S. 448f.〕 as important base of Europes ability to found a third pillar against the Amerikas and Asia.〔Caudenhove-Kalergi: ''Paneuropa-Manifest.'' ''Paneuropa.'' Nr. 9, 1933.〕〔Thomas Moser: ''Europäische Integration, Dekolonisation, Eurafrika. Eine historische Analyse über die Entstehungsbedingungen der eurafrikanischen Gemeinschaft von der Weltwirtschaftskrise bis zum Jaunde-Vertrag, 1929-1963.'', 2000, p. 104.〕 Coudenhove-Kalergis' belief had a (positive) racist undertone, as he claimed that Eurafrika would combine European high culture and Afrikas primitive people and help both profit from each other.〔Paneuropa, Band 5, 1929〕 Luiza Bialasiewicz refers to Karl Haushofers vision of an 'Eurafrican' pan-region as base of the vision of Eurafrika as the most central third of the world.〔Luiza Bialasiewicz, ed. (2011) Europe in the World: EU Geopolitics and the Making of European Space. Aldershot: Ashgate (Critical Geopolitics Series), p.69〕 The partnership discourse grew from a mere political and economic exchange to an enhanced relevance attached to the sphere of emotions and sexuality in the interwar period.〔European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire Volume 11, Issue 2, 2004 Political imagination, sexuality and love in the Eurafrican debate DOI:10.1080/1350748042000240578 Liliana Ellenaa pages 241-272〕 Eurafrika remained a remote political dream until the end of the World War II. Then it gained actual political impact as part of the driving forces to European Unity. Given its geographical and legal positioning, former French territory Algeria, in the 50s a part of the European Union, was the focal point of the French vision of Eurafrique. Léopold Sédar Senghor concept of Eurafrique was closely connected with Négritude that put Africas cultural achievements, including the sub-sahara region on the same level as Europes respectively saw them as being part of the same cultural continuum.〔Eurafrique as the Future Past of Black France: Sarkozy's Temporal Confusion and Senghor's Postwar Vision / Gary Wilder, in Black France / France Noire: The History and Politics of Blackness, Trica Danielle Keaton, T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting, Tyler Stovall, Tyler Edward Stovall, Duke University Press, 26.06.2012〕 Senghors "Elégie pour la Reine de Saba," published in his Elégies majeures in 1976 uses the Queen of Sheba legend as a love poem and a political message. Senghor's use of Africanité / Negritude involved in including 'Arab-Berber Africa'.〔Spleth, Janice. The Arabic Constituents of Africanité : Senghor and the Queen of Sheba. Research in African literatures, Winter 2002, vol. 33, no 4, p. 60-75.(Review on Muse )〕 The Revolutions of 1989 in the Eastern Bloc lead to unforeseen changes and overtook as well, at least temporarily, the traditional interest in closer European-African cooperations. Against the basic foundation narrative, the large European expansion in the recent decades was eastbound and not cross-Mediterranean. 2009 German Christian democrat thinktank Konrad Adenauer Foundation attested a lack of level playing field on political and economic issues and tried to focus on future spiritual and cultural perspectives of Eurafrika instead.〔Zukunftsfragen: I @questi del futuro. Eurafrika, Band 3, Markus Krienke, Wilhelm Staudacher, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2009 (Hgg./edd.), (available in German and Italian)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eurafrique」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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