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Eurolinguistics is a comparatively young branch of linguistics which deals with questions on the languages of Europe. However, Europe is not defined in a unanimous way. There are three different definitions of Europe. * political (languages of the European Union) (this definition is often used by authors dealing with language policy, e.g. Ahrens 2003, Kraus 2004) * geographical (from the Atlantic to the Ural) (this seems the most current definition of Europe, e.g. in Haarmann 1975 and 1993, Görlach 2002, Heine/Kuteva 2006, Brendler/Brendler 2007) * anthropological (languages of the nations characterized by a Greek and a Latin heritage (including the rules of law), the (West) Roman variant of Christian religion (and its developments during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation), the use of the Latin alphabet, the separation of spiritual and secular power, societal pluralism and individualism, a common history of the arts (in their broadest sense) as well as a common history of education and formation like the establishment of the universities) (this is the definition that is used, for instance, by Huntington (45ff. ) and Schmidt (207ff. ); Haarmann uses this definition to define the western part of ''Europe'' in its geographical sense) ==State of the art== The term ''Eurolinguistics'' was first used by Norbert Reiter in 1991 (German equivalent: ''Eurolinguistik''), but Eurolinguistic works had already been published before that date (e.g. Lewy 1964, Décsy 1973). Apart from a series of works dealing with only a part of the European languages, the work of Harald Haarmann pursues a pan- or trans-European perspective. This goal is also pursued by Mario Wandruszka. In reality, however, Wandruszka like many others (including encyclopedias) only takes into account the big European languages: German, English, Italian, French, Spanish. In addition, German is only understood as German of Germany, French as French of France etc. The realization of national varieties has only begun to play a role in Eurolinguistics. In recent years, typological questions have mainly been dealt with by the ''Eurolinguistischer Arbeitskreis Mannheim (ELAMA; led by Per Sture Ureland)'' and the ''EUROTYP'' projects. Important sources of linguistic data for Eurolinguistic studies are the ''Atlas Linguarum Europae'' (for vocabulary studies) and the ''World Atlas of Linguistic Structures'' (Haspelmath et al. 2005, for grammar studies). The internet platform ''EuroLinguistiX (ELiX)'' (edited by Joachim Grzega) offers a bibliography of Eurolinguistic publications as well as a wiki, a discussion forum, an academic internet journal in order to address also aspects of "linguistic and cultural history", "sociology of languages", "language politics" and "intercultural communication". In 2006, Joachim Grzega published a basic reader on common features of European languages. Also joint with the ''ELAMA'', the ''EuroLSJ project'' by Erhard Steller tries to collect essential results of Eurolinguistics and make them usable for everyday life in Europe by transforming them into a representative standard language (''LSJ European / Europé LSJ'') which wants to serve as an optimized "acquisition and memory helper" (Giuseppe G. Castorina) for a quicker and easier access to all languages of Europe. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eurolinguistics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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