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Evanton
Evanton ((スコットランド・ゲール語:Baile Eòghainn) or (スコットランド・ゲール語:Am Baile Ùr))〔 〕 is a large village in Easter Ross, in the Highland Council Area of Scotland. It lies between the river Sgitheach and the Allt Graad, is north of the city of Inverness, some south-west of Alness, and north-east of Dingwall. The village has a dozen or so streets, the main one being Balconie Street (B817). It has been described by analysts at Highland Council as a "commuting settlement", because most of the inhabitants work in other areas of Easter Ross and the greater Inverness area.〔Councilor Val MacIver, ("Ross and Cromarty East Local Plan" (pdf) ), p. 65.〕
The current town was founded in the early nineteenth century by Alexander Fraser of Inchcoulter/Balconie who named it after his son Evan, but the core of the village buildings date from the Victorian era.〔''loc. cit.''〕 Evanton has several tourist attractions, including the Fyrish monument, the Black Rock Gorge and the ruined church of Kiltearn lying near the river Sgitheach as it flows into the Cromarty Firth, as well as other miscellaneous natural, historical and archaeological attractions in the surrounding area. There are two Churches, one Church of Scotland and one Free Church of Scotland. There is one primary school, but the nearest high schools are in Dingwall and Alness. It has one convenience store, a post-office, one public inns (Balconie Inn)a bus stop and an ATM. The village hall is named the 'Diamond Jubilee Hall.' The community owns and manages the local woodland.
==Kiltearn background==
Evanton lies within the ancient parish of Kiltearn (Gd: ''Cill Tighearna''), within the medieval lands known as Ferindonald (''Fearann Dhòmhnaill'') in the heart of the old "Earldom" of Ross. Traditionally, Ferindonald is supposed to be derived from a grant of King Máel Coluim III to Donald Munro of Foulis (''Domhnall mac an Rothaich''), the legendary progenitor of Clan Munro. However, there is no evidence for the existence of this family until the fourteenth century.〔Alexander Grant, "The Province of Ross and the Kingdom of Alba" in E.J. Cowan and R.Andrew McDonald (eds.) ''Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Medieval Era'', (Edinburgh, 2000), p. 105.〕
Evanton is in close proximity to the site of Balconie Castle, an old seat of the Mormaers and Earls of Ross. By the early modern period, the area was dominated by the Munros of Foulis (''Foghlais''), who had their Foulis Castle just a few kilometres away. Indeed, the latter began to bury their family at Kiltearn after 1588.〔Rev. Thomas Munro, "Kiltearn, County of Ross and Cromarty (1834-45)" in ''Account of 1834-45'', vol.14, p.313.〕 The ''Cille'' place-name in Kiltearn tells us that there had been a very ancient Gaelic church near Evanton, like all ''Cille'' place-names, founded before 800.〔See, for instance, W.F.H. Nicolaisen, ''Scottish Place-Names'', (Edinburgh, 1976), 2nd ed. (2001), pp. 165 – 191 ; Simon Taylor, "Place-names and the Early Church in Eastern Scotland", in Barbara Crawford (ed.), ''Scotland in Dark Age Britain'', (Aberdeen, 1996), pp. 93 – 103〕 The current Gaelic name ''Cill Tighearna'' ("Church of the Lord") is probably a corruption of an older form, both because the name formation is unusual in being dedicated to the Lord Himself, and because the form given in 1227 is ''Kiltierny'', suggesting some kind of connection to Tigernach in Ireland. Other suggestions have included a dedication to St Ternan.〔W.J.Watson, ''Place-Names of Ross and Cromarty'', (Inverness, 1904), p. 85.〕 The church lay next to the lordly residence of Balconie. By the later Middle Ages, Balconie was one of the five lordships of Ross, as well as an individual seat of the Earls of Ross. Place-name evidence suggests that the site may once have been a Pictish residence. A charter granted by Aodh, Earl of Ross in 1281 records the name ''Petkenny'', but a charter of 1333 refers to a location called ''Balkenny''. The development of the name Pitlochry, where Pictish ''Pit-'' is replaced by Gaelic ''Baile'', suggests the names are the same, but the great early twentieth century toponymist William J. Watson was doubftful.〔W.J.Watson, ''Place-Names of Ross and Cromarty'', (Inverness, 1904), p. 87.〕
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