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Ewok
Ewoks are a fictional race of small, mammaloid bipeds that appear in the ''Star Wars'' universe. They are hunter-gatherers resembling teddy bears that inhabit the forest moon of Endor and live in various arboreal huts and other simple dwellings. They first appeared in the 1983 film ''Return of the Jedi'' and have since appeared in two made-for-television films, ''Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure'' (1984) and ''Ewoks: The Battle for Endor'' (1985), as well as a short-lived animated series and several books and games.
==Concept and creation==
George Lucas created the Ewoks because he wanted ''Return of the Jedi'' to feature a tribe of some primitive creatures that bring down the technological Empire. He had originally intended the scenes to be set on the Wookiee home planet, but as the film series evolved, the Wookiees became technologically skilled. Lucas designed a new species instead, and as Wookiees were tall, he made Ewoks short.〔George Lucas, commentary track on the ''Return of the Jedi'' DVD.〕 In addition, he also based the Ewoks' defeat of the Galactic Empire on the actions of the Viet Cong guerrillas who menaced American soldiers during the Vietnam War.〔George Lucas, "making of" documentary on the ''Return of the Jedi'' 2004 DVD release.〕 The Ewoks are named after the Miwok, a Native American tribe, indigenous to the Redwood forest in which the Endor scenes were filmed for ''Return of the Jedi'', near the San Rafael location of Lucas' Skywalker Ranch. In the film, the word "Ewok" is never actually spoken, but it appears in both the script and the closing credits.
Using the image of the Griffon Bruxellois, a dog breed which Lucas owned, the Ewok was developed by renowned make-up artist Stuart Freeborn.〔("Star Wars Make-Up Artist Stuart Freeborn Dies" ). Sky News. Retrieved February 8, 2013〕〔("Makeup master Stuart Freeborn of 'Star Wars' dead at age 98" ). CNN. Retrieved February 8, 2013〕 As presented in the films, Ewoks appear as stocky, sapient bipeds which stand about one meter tall. They have flat faces, are completely covered in fur, and have large jewel-like eyes. Both their fur and their eyes come in a variety of earth tones, primarily brown, white, grey, gold, and black. Despite their small size, Ewoks are strong; in the climactic battle scene of ''Return of the Jedi'', they are shown physically overpowering and once even throwing Imperial Stormtroopers, though this detail is not consistent throughout the film. Ewoks live high among the trees of their home moon's forests, in villages built on platforms between the closely spaced trees.
An "Ewokese" language was created for the films by ''Return of the Jedi''’s sound designer Ben Burtt. On the commentary track for the DVD of ''Return of the Jedi'', Burtt explains that the language is based on Kalmyk, a language spoken by the Kalmyk people of Russia. Burtt heard the language in a documentary and liked its sound, which seems very alien to Western ears. After some research, he identified an 80-year-old Kalmyk refugee. Burtt recorded her telling folk stories in her native language, and then used the recordings as a basis for sounds that became the Ewok language and were performed by voice actors who imitated the old woman's voice in different styles. For the scene in which C-3PO speaks Ewokese, actor Anthony Daniels worked with Burtt and invented words, based on the Kalmyk recordings.〔Ben Burtt, DVD commentary on ''The Return of the Jedi''.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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