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Extraordinarii
The Extraordinarii were the elite troops of the Roman alae, recruited from the socii, Rome's Italian military allies. The name refers to their nature; i.e., ''extraordinary'' or ''chosen'' men.
==Recruitment==
Almost all the details we know of the extraordinarii are described to us in ''The Histories'' of the ancient Greek historian Polybius. The standard Consular army of the Republic was made up of two legions and a comparable amount of Italian allied troops, termed the alae. In theory, the alae would number the same as the legions, except for the cavalry which was doubled; so a standard alae would contain about 1800 cavalry and 8400 foot. In practice, there was often more allied infantry than Roman infantry; for instance, the 4 legions (numbering 15000 Roman infantry) was supported by 20,000 allied infantry at the Battle of the Trebia. Similar discrepancies can be found in other Roman battles of the era.
From the whole force of the alae, the Consul would request the praefecti sociorum (commanders of the allied forces) to select for the extraordinarii about a third of the cavalry (the ''equites extraordinarii'') and a fifth of the infantry (the ''pedites extraordinarii'') of those men best fitted for service.〔Polybius VI.26.〕 The extraordinarii for a standard consular army as described by Polybius would thus number 600 cavalry and 1680 infantry. Like the rest of the alae, the extraordinarii are divided into cohorts and turmae.〔Livy XXXIV.47.〕
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