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Ezra (; (ヘブライ語:עזרא), ';〔"God helps" — Emil G. Hirsch, Isaac Broydé, "(Ezra the Scribe )", ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' (Online)〕 fl. 480–440 BC), also called Ezra the Scribe (, ') and Ezra the Priest in the Book of Ezra, was a Jewish scribe and a priest. According to the Hebrew Bible he returned from the Babylonian exile and reintroduced the Torah in Jerusalem (Ezra 7–10 and Neh 8). According to 1 Esdras, a Greek translation of the Book of Ezra still in use in Eastern Orthodoxy, he was also a high priest. Several traditions have developed over his place of burial. One tradition says that he is buried in al-Uzayr near Basra (Iraq), while another tradition alleges that he is buried in Tadif near Aleppo, in northern Syria.〔Tawil, Hayim & Schneider, Bernard 2010, ''Crown of Aleppo: The Mystery of the Oldest Hebrew Bible Codex'', Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society 2010, p. 63 ISBN 9780827608955; Laniado, David, ''Li-Qedošim ašer ba-areṣ'', Jerusalem 1980, p. 26 (Hebrew); Frenkel, Miriam, article: ''Atare pulḥan yehudiyyim be-ḥalab bi-yme ha-benayim ha-tikhoniyyim'', published in: ''Harel'' (הראל), Yaron, Assis, Yom Ṭov & Frenkel, Miriam (eds.), ''Ereṣ u-mlo’ah: meḥqarim be-toledot qehillat aram ṣova'' (''ḥalab'') ''ve-tarbutah'', vol. I, Ben-Zvi Institute: Jerusalem 2009, pp. 174 – 175 (Hebrew); Khatib, Muḥammad Zuhair, ''Rabṭ al-Sabāba al-yamanī''.〕 His name may be an abbreviation of עזריהו ', "God-helps". In the Greek Septuagint the name is rendered ' (), from which the Latin name ラテン語:Esdras comes. The Book of Ezra describes how he led a group of Judean exiles living in Babylon to their home city of Jerusalem (Ezra 8.2-14) where he is said to have enforced observance of the Torah. He was described as exhorting the Israeli people to be sure to follow the Torah Law so as not to intermarry with people of particular different religions (and ethnicities), a set of commandments described in the Pentateuch. 〔Liwak, Rüdiger; Schwemer, Anna Maria "Ezra." Brill's New Pauly.〕〔Ezra." Encyclopædia Britannica.2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.〕 Ezra, known as "Ezra the scribe" in Chazalic literature,〔Edward Kessler, Neil Wenborn, ''A Dictionary of Jewish-Christian Relations'', Cambridge University Press, p.398〕 is a highly respected figure in Judaism.〔''The New Encyclopedia of Judaism'', ''Ezra''〕 ==In the Hebrew Bible== The canonical Book of Ezra and Book of Nehemiah are the oldest sources for the activity of Ezra,〔 whereas many of the other books ascribed to Ezra (First Esdras, 3-6 Ezra) are later literary works dependent on the canonical books of Ezra and Nehemiah. ;Book of Ezra–Nehemiah The books of Ezra and Nehemiah were originally one scroll. (Nehemiah 3:32, footnote)〔In the margin of the Masoretic Hebrew text opposite this verse is written the Hebrew expression meaning "half of the book," indicating that this is the middle verse of the 685 Hebrew verses of the combined books of Ezra and Nehemiah, and that in Masoretic text the two were one book. (''New World Translation Reference Bible'' – Nehemiah 3:32, footnote)〕 Later the Jews divided this scroll and called it First and Second Ezra. Modern Hebrew Bibles call the two books Ezra and Nehemiah, as do other modern Bible translations. A few parts of the Book of Ezra (4:8 to 6:18 and 7:12-26) were written in Aramaic, and the majority in Hebrew, Ezra himself being skilled in both languages.〔Ezra – ''All Scripture Is Inspired of God'' – Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. – International Bible Students Association, Brooklyn New York, USA – 1963, 1990, pg 85.〕〔James H. Charlesworth – ("Announcing a Dead Sea Scrolls Fragment of Nehemiah" ) – ''The Institute for Judaism and Christian Origins'' – Retrieved 20 August 2011.〕 Ezra, a descendant of Seraiah the high priest, was living in Babylon when in the seventh year ( BCE) of Artaxerxes, king of Persia, the king sent him to Jerusalem to teach the laws of God to any who did not know them. Ezra led a large body of exiles back to Jerusalem, where he discovered that Jewish men had been marrying non-Jewish women. He tore his garments in despair and confessed the sins of Israel before God, then braved the opposition of some of his own countrymen to purify the community by enforcing the dissolution of the sinful marriages. Some years later Artaxerxes sent Nehemiah (a Jewish noble in his personal service) to Jerusalem as governor with the task of rebuilding the city walls. Once this task was completed Nehemiah had Ezra read the Law of Moses (the Torah) to the assembled Israelites, and the people and priests entered into a covenant to keep the law and separate themselves from all other peoples. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ezra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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