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Grumman F-14 Tomcat
The Grumman F-14 Tomcat is a supersonic, twin-engine, two-seat, variable-sweep wing fighter aircraft. The Tomcat was developed for the United States Navy's Naval Fighter Experimental (VFX) program following the collapse of the F-111B project. The F-14 was the first of the American teen-series fighters, which were designed incorporating the experience of air combat against MiG fighters during the Vietnam War.
The F-14 first flew in December 1970 and made its first deployment in 1974 with the U.S. Navy aboard , replacing the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II. The F-14 served as the U.S. Navy's primary maritime air superiority fighter, fleet defense interceptor and tactical aerial reconnaissance platform. In the 1990s, it added the Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN) pod system and began performing precision ground-attack missions.〔("F-14 Tomcat fighter fact file." ) ''United States Navy'', 5 July 2003. Retrieved: 20 January 2007.〕
In the 1980s F-14s were used as land-based interceptors by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force during the Iran–Iraq War, where they saw combat against Iraqi warplanes. Iranian F-14s reportedly shot down at least 160 Iraqi aircraft during the war, while only 12 to 16 Tomcats were shot down; at least half of these losses were due to accidents.〔〔Cooper, Tom and Farzad Bishop. ''Iranian F-14 Tomcat Units in Combat'', p. 84. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1 84176 787 5.〕
The Tomcat was retired from the U.S. Navy's active fleet on 22 September 2006, having been supplanted by the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet.〔("Navy's 'Top Gun' Tomcat Fighter Jet Makes Ceremonial Final Flight." ) ''Associated Press'', 22 September 2006. Retrieved: 17 July 2008.〕 The F-14 remains in service with the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force, having been exported to Iran in 1976, when the U.S. had amicable diplomatic relations with Iran.
==Development==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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