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F-theory is a branch of string theory developed by Cumrun Vafa.〔Cumrun Vafa. "Evidence for F-theory." ''Nucl.Phys.'' B469: 403-418,1996 DOI:10.1016/0550-3213(96)00172-1. arXiv: (hep-th/9602022 )〕 The new vacua described by F-theory were discovered by Vafa and allowed string theorists to construct new realistic vacua — in the form of F-theory compactified on elliptically fibered Calabi–Yau four-folds. The letter "F" supposedly stands for "Father".〔(Michio Kaku: The Universe Is a Symphony of Vibrating Strings - YouTube )〕 ==Compactifications== F-theory is formally a 12-dimensional theory, but the only way to obtain an acceptable background is to compactify this theory on a two-torus. By doing so, one obtains type IIB superstring theory in 10 dimensions. The SL(2,Z) S-duality symmetry of the resulting type IIB string theory is manifest because it arises as the group of large diffeomorphisms of the two-dimensional torus. More generally, one can compactify F-theory on an elliptically fibered manifold (elliptic fibration), i.e. a fiber bundle whose fiber is a two-dimensional torus (also called an elliptic curve). For example, a subclass of the K3 manifolds is elliptically fibered, and F-theory on a K3 manifold is dual to heterotic string theory on a two-torus. (Eight dimensions are large.)Also, the modules of those theories should be equal. The well-known large number of semirealistic solutions to string theory referred to as the string theory landscape, with elements or so, is dominated by F-theory compactifications on Calabi–Yau four-folds. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「F-theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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