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FGF21
Fibroblast growth factor 21 is a protein that in mammals is encoded by the ''FGF21'' gene.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=26291 )〕 The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family and specifically a member of the "endocrine" subfamily which includes FGF23 and FGF15/19. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion.〔 FGFs act through a family of four FGF receptors. Binding is complicated and requires both interaction of the FGF molecule with an FGF receptor and binding to heparin through an heparin binding domain. Endocrine FGFs lack a heparin binding domain and thus can be released into the circulation. FGF21 action through one of the FGF21 receptors thus requires interaction with a co-receptor, designated β-klotho.
==Regulation==
FGF21 is specifically induced by HMGCS2 activity. The oxidized form of ketone bodies (acetoacetate) in a cultured medium also induced FGF21, possibly via a SIRT1-dependent mechanism. HMGCS2 activity has also been shown to be increased by deacetylation of lysines 310, 447, and 473 via SIRT3 in the mitochondria.
While FGF21 is expressed in numerous tissues, including liver, brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue and pancreas, circulating levels of FGF21 are derived specifically from the liver in mice. In liver FGF21 expression is regulated by PPARα and levels rise substantially with both fasting and consumption of ketogenic diets.
LXR represses FGF21 in humans via an LXR response element located from -37 to -22 bp on the human FGF21 promoter.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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