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The Fabaceae, Leguminosae or Papilionaceae,〔(International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. ) Article 18.5 states: "The following names, of long usage, are treated as validly published: ....Leguminosae (nom. alt.: Fabaceae; type: Faba Mill. (Vicia L. )); ... When the Papilionaceae are regarded as a family distinct from the remainder of the Leguminosae, the name Papilionaceae is conserved against Leguminosae."〕 commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs, and perennial or annual herbaceous plants, which are easily recognized by their fruit (legume) and their compound, stipulated leaves. The group is widely distributed and is the third-largest land plant family in terms of number of species, behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with 630 genera and over 18,860 species.〔Judd, W. S., Campbell, C. S. Kellogg, E. A. Stevens, P.F. Donoghue, M. J. (2002), Plant systematics: a phylogenetic approach, Sinauer Axxoc, 287-292. ISBN 0-87893-403-0.〕 The five largest of the 630 legume genera are ''Astragalus'' (over 2,000 species), ''Acacia'' (over 1000 species), ''Indigofera'' (around 700 species), ''Crotalaria'' (around 700 species), and ''Mimosa'' (around 500 species), which constitute about a quarter of all legume species. About 18,000 legume species are known, amounting to about 7% of flowering plant species.〔 Fabaceae is the most common family found in tropical rainforests and in dry forests in the Americas and Africa.〔Burnham, R. J., & Johnson, K. R. 2004. South American palaeobotany and the origins of neotropical rain forests. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B, 359: 1595–1610.〕 Recent molecular and morphological evidence supports the fact that the Fabaceae is a single monophyletic family.〔Lewis G., Schrire B., Mackinder B. and Lock M. 2005. (eds.) Legumes of the world. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Reino Unido. 577 pages. 2005. ISBN 1-900347-80-6.〕 This point of view has been supported not only by the degree of interrelation shown by different groups within the family compared with that found among the Leguminosae and their closest relations, but also by all the recent phylogenetic studies based on DNA sequences.〔Doyle, J. J., J. A. Chappill, C.D. Bailey, & T. Kajita. 2000. Towards a comprehensive phylogeny of legumes: evidence from rbcL sequences and non-molecular data. pp. 1 -20 in Advances in legume systematics, part 9, (P. S. Herendeen and A. Bruneau, eds.). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.〕〔Kajita, T., H. Ohashi, Y. Tateishi, C. D. Bailey, and J. J. Doyle. 2001. ''rbcL'' and legume phylogeny, with particular reference to Phaseoleae, Millettieae, and allies. Systematic Botany 26: 515-536.〕 These studies confirm that the Leguminosae are a monophyletic group that is closely related with the Polygalaceae, Surianaceae and Quillajaceae families and that they belong to the order Fabales. Along with the cereals, some fruits and tropical roots a number of Leguminosae have been a staple human food for millennia and their use is closely related to human evolution.〔Burkart, A. Leguminosas. ''In:'' Dimitri, M. 1987. ''Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería''. Tomo I. Descripción de plantas cultivadas. Editorial ACME S.A.C.I., Buenos Aires. pages: 467-538.〕 A number are important agricultural and food plants, including ''Glycine max'' (soybean), ''Phaseolus'' (beans), ''Pisum sativum'' (pea), ''Cicer arietinum'' (chickpeas), ''Medicago sativa'' (alfalfa), ''Arachis hypogaea'' (peanut), ''Lathyrus odoratus'' (sweet pea), ''Ceratonia siliqua'' (carob), and ''Glycyrrhiza glabra'' (liquorice). A number of species are also weedy pests in different parts of the world, including: ''Cytisus scoparius'' (broom), ''Robinia pseudoacacia'' (black locust)'', Ulex europaeus'' (gorse), ''Pueraria lobata'' (kudzu), and a number of ''Lupinus'' species. == Etymology == The name 'Fabaceae' comes from the defunct genus ''Faba'', now included in ''Vicia''. The term "faba" comes from Latin, and appears to simply mean "bean". Leguminosae is an older name still considered valid,〔 and refers to the fruit of these plants, which are called legumes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fabaceae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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