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Fado ((:ˈfaðu); "destiny, fate") is a music genre which can be traced to the 1820s in Portugal, but probably with much earlier origins. Fado historian and scholar Rui Vieira Nery states that "the only reliable information on the history of Fado was orally transmitted and goes back to the 1820s and 1830s at best. But even that information was frequently modified within the generational transmission process that made it reach us today."〔http://www.fnac.pt/Para-uma-Historia-do-Fado-Rui-Vieira-Nery/a306961〕 Although the origins are difficult to trace, today fado is commonly regarded as simply a form of song which can be about anything, but must follow a certain traditional structure. In popular belief, fado is a form of music characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor, and infused with a sentiment of resignation, fatefulness and melancholia. This is loosely captured by the Portuguese word ''saudade'', or "longing", symbolizing a feeling of loss (a permanent, irreparable loss and its consequent lifelong damage). This is similar to the character of the music genre Morna from Cabo Verde, which may be historically linked to fado in its earlier form but has retained its rhythmic heritage. This connection to the music of a historic Portuguese urban and maritime proletariat (sailors, dock workers, port traders, etc.) can also be found in Brazilian Modinha and Indonesian Kroncong, although all these music genres subsequently developed their own independent traditions. Famous singers of fado include Amália Rodrigues, Dulce Pontes, Carlos do Carmo, Mariza, Mafalda Arnauth, António Zambujo, Ana Moura, Camané, Helder Moutinho, Aldina Duarte, Joanna Amandoeira, Ricardo Robeiro, Argentina Santos, Carminho, Mísia, Cristina Branco, and, in India, Sonia Shirsat. On 27 November 2011, Fado was inscribed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00563 )〕 It's one of two Portuguese music traditions part of the lists, the other being Cante Alentejano. == Etymology == The word "fado" comes from the Latin word ''fatum'',〔(Online Etymology Dictionary: fado )〕 from which the English word "fate" also originates.〔(Online Etymology Dictionary: fate )〕 The word is linked to the music genre itself and, although both meanings are approximately the same in the two languages, Portuguese speakers seldom utilize the word ''fado'' referring to destiny or fate. Nevertheless, many songs play on the double meaning, such as the Amália Rodrigues song "Com que voz", which includes the lyric "''Com que voz chorarei meu triste fado''" ("With what voice should I lament my sad fate/sing my sad fado?"). The English-Latin term ''vates'', the Scandinavian ''fata'' ("to compose music") and the French name ''fatiste'' (also meaning "poet") have been associated with the term ''fadista''.〔(CURSO DE HISTORIA DA LITTERATURA PORTUGUEZA )〕〔(Teófilo Braga. Epopêas da raça mosárabe )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fado」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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