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Fail-safe
A fail-safe or fail-secure device is one that, in the event of a specific type of failure, responds in a way that will cause no harm, or at least a minimum of harm, to other devices or to personnel.
Fail-safe and fail-secure are similar but distinct concepts. Fail-safe means that a device will not endanger lives or property when it fails. Fail-secure means that access or data will not fall into the wrong hands in a failure. Sometimes the approaches suggest opposite solutions. For example, if a building catches fire, fail-safe systems would unlock doors to ensure quick escape and allow firefighters inside, while fail-secure would lock doors to prevent unauthorized access to the building.
A system's being "fail-safe" means not that failure is impossible or improbable, but rather that the system's design prevents or mitigates unsafe consequences of the system's failure. That is, if and when a "fail-safe" system "fails", it is "safe" or at least no less safe than when it was operating correctly.〔"(Fail-safe )". AudioEnglich.net. Accessed 2009.12.31〕〔''e.g.'', David B. Rutherford, Jr., ("What Do You Mean — It's Fail-Safe?": Evaluating Fail-Safety in Processor-Based Vital Control Systems ). 1990 Rapid Transit Conference〕
Since many types of failure are possible, it must be specified to what failure a component is fail safe. For example, a system may be fail-safe in the event of a power outage (electrical failure), but may not be fail safe in the event of mechanical failures.
==Examples==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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