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Falkuša
A falkusa ((クロアチア語:falkuša); ) is a traditional fishing boat used by fishermen from the town of Komiža on the Adriatic island of Vis, Croatia. Falkuša is a subtype of ''gajeta'', a traditional Dalmatian fishing sailboat, and is sometimes called gajeta falkuša (). Its design was adapted to specific needs of Komiža fishermen, who went to long fishing expeditions in the open seas,〔 a unique practice in the Adriatic and Mediterranean.
==Design and construction==
The Falkuša is a unique wooden boat, tapered narrowly on both sides,〔 and is about seven to eight metres in length by 3 metres wide. It had a low draft under a large (〔) lateen sail made from flax,〔 mounted on a mast which was typically as high as the ship was long.〔 It was very fast both under sail and with oar, able to achieve speeds between 8 to 12 knots.〔 Its distinctive feature were two removable wooden side strakes called ''falke'', after which falkuša got its name.〔 The strakes raised the rim of the boat by about half a metre, protecting it from high waves in the open seas.〔 To ease the hauling of the nets, the strakes were removed during fishing. The vessel could carry up to eight tonnes of salted fish barrels.〔
For its characteristics of toughness and strength, the traditional gajeta falkuša was made only with cypress wood from the volcanic island of Svetac. The keel was made of oak and the shell of larch.〔
A typical falkuša carried a crew of six men.〔 There were five oars for standing oarsmen which were 7 to 9 meters in length.〔〔 The fishermen used nets and a ''feral'', a gas or petroleum lamp for attracting fish.〔 Fishing trips lasted 20 to 25 days, to make them financially viable.〔 Duties such as cooking, washing, repairing, sailing between fishing posts and dealing with bad weather left only 10 to 12 days for actual fishing in a typical journey.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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