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Fatawa-e-Alamgiri (also known as Fatawa-i-Hindiya and Fatawa-i Hindiyya) is a compilation of law created at instance of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (who was also known as ''Alamgir''). This compilation is based on Sunni Hanafi Islam's Sharia law, and was the work of many scholars, principally from the Hanafi school.〔(The Administration of Justice in Medieval India ), MB Ahmad, The Aligarh University (1941)〕 In order to compile Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, Aurangzeb gathered 500 experts in Islamic jurisprudence (Faqīh), 300 from the South Asia, 100 from Iraq and 100 from the Hejaz (Saudi Arabia). Their work over years, resulted in an Islamic code of law for South Asia, in late Mughal Era. It consists of legal code on personal, family, slaves, war, property, inter-religious relations, transaction, taxation, economic and other law for a range of possible situations and their juristic rulings by the Hanafi jurists of the time. The Fatawa-e-Alamgiri is notable for several reasons: * It spanned 30 volumes * It served as the basis of law and doctrine imposed by Aurangzeb throughout his empire by early 18th century * It created a legal system that treated people differently based on their social class, economic status and religion〔〔 ==Discussion== The Fatawa-i Alamgiri (also spelled Fatawa al-Alamgiriyya) was compiled in late 17th century, by 500 Muslim scholars from Medina, Baghdad and South Asia, in Delhi (India) and Lahore (Pakistan), led by Sheikh Nizam Burhanpuri.〔M. Reza Pirbhai (2009), Reconsidering Islam in a South Asian Context, Brill Academic, ISBN 978-9004177581, pp. 131-154〕 It was a creative application of Islamic law within the Hanafi fiqh.〔 It restricted the powers of Muslim judiciary and the Islamic jurists ability to issue discretionary fatwas.〔Jamal Malik (2008), Islam in South Asia: A Short History, Brill Academic, ISBN 978-9004168596, pp. 192-199〕〔 The document stiffened the social stratification among Muslims.〔Jamal Malik (2008), Islam in South Asia: A Short History, Brill Academic, ISBN 978-9004168596, p. 195, Quote - "At the same time the Fatawa stiffened the social hierarchy of a highly stratified system at the head of which stood the emperor."〕 For the same crime, it declared that Muslim nobles such as ''Sayyids'' were exempt from prison, humiliation as well as physical punishments, the governors and landholders could be humiliated but not arrested nor physically punished, the middle class could be humiliated and put into prison but not physically punished, while the lowest class commoners could be arrested, humiliated and physically punished.〔 The emperor was granted powers to issue ''farmans'' (legal doctrine) that overruled fatwas of Islamic jurists.〔 In substance similar to other Hanafi texts,〔Alan Guenther (2006), Hanafi Fiqh in Mughal India: The Fatawa-i Alamgiri, in Richard Eaton (Editor), India's Islamic Traditions: 711-1750, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195683349, pp. 209-230〕 the laws in Fatawa-i Alamgiri describe, among other things, the following. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fatawa-e-Alamgiri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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