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Fenya (феня) or fenka (фенка) is a Russian cant language used among criminals. Originally it was a cryptolanguage of ''ofenyas'' or ''ofenes'', old Russian peddlers, and had a number of names. There are no convincing explanations about the origins of the words "ofenya" and "fenya". In modern Russian language it is also referred to as blatnoy language (Russian: блатной язык), where "blatnoy" is a slang expression for "criminal". It is also widely used in "thieves' songs". The grammar is Russian; the vocabulary has changed over time. The original ''fenya'' consisted of broken Russian words borrowed from Greek and other foreign languages. Vladimir Dahl in his ''Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language'' gives the following examples: *"Ропа кимать, полумеркот, рыхло закурещат ворыханы." (''Ropa kimatj, polumerkot, ryhlo zakureščat voryhany.'') *:Normative Russian: "Пора спать, полночь; скоро запоют петухи." (''Pora spatj, polnoč; skoro zapojut petuhi.'') *:Translation: "Time to go to bed, *"Да позагорбил басве слемзить: астона басвинска ухалила дряботницей." (''Da pozagorbil basve slemzitj; astona basvinska uhalila drjabotnicej.'') *:Normative Russian: "Да позабыл тебе сказать: жена твоя померла весною." (''Da pozabyl tebe skazatj: žena tvoja pomerla vesnoju.'') *:Translation: "Oh, I forgot to tell you: your wife died this spring" Also, ''fenya'' included usual Russian words in unusual meanings, like шаблон ''shablon'' (template) for military or police headwear, педал ''pedal'' for cellphone (recent addition). The vocabulary changed over time, with notable infusion of words of Yiddish origin. During the times of the Soviet Union ''fenya'' penetrated into common spoken Russian and can no longer be considered cryptic, although it is still commonly associated with those who have connections to the Russian criminal culture or who have spent a significant amount of time incarcerated. A number of explanations for this phenomenon are suggested. For one, a significant part of the population, not necessarily criminals, went through labor camps, and massive indiscriminate amnesties after the death of Joseph Stalin resulted in a penetration of the subculture of convicts into everyday life in the form of a shock wave.〔See analysis of certain Russian language expressions in The Gulag Archipelago, for example〕 Particularly, many writers, poets, and journalists who had been arrested began to use fenya in their work after release. Another reason comes from the fact that criminal life was romanticized in popular culture: for example, in the form of "blatnaya song", see Shanson. Few "common" Russians possess a complete or even complex understanding of fenya and fewer still - for various reasons - will admit to it. ''Fenya'' influences Russian culture in different ways. In particular, a whole subgenre of Russian humour exists, in which a known tale, such as ''Romeo and Juliet'' or a popular Russian fairy tale is cast into ''fenya''. The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the appearance of "New Russians" introduced new changes into ''fenya'', notably assigning new meanings and accents to common words. ==See also== * Grypsera * Russian mat * Thief in law (vor v zakone) * Thieves' cant 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fenya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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