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''Fervaal'' is an opera (''action musicale'' or lyric drama) in three acts with a prologue by the French composer Vincent d'Indy, his opus 40. The composer wrote his own libretto, based in part on the lyric poem ''Axel'' 〔Huebner, Steven. ''French Opera at the Fin de Siècle'', p. 319.〕 by the Swedish author Esaias Tegnér. D'Indy worked on the opera over the years 1889 to 1895, and the score was published in 1895. == Background == ''Fervaal'' premiered at the Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels on 12 March 1897. It was subsequently produced in Paris in 1898, and again in that city in 1912.〔Calvocoressi, M.D. "The Dramatic Works of Vincent d'Indy. ''Fervaal''" (1 June 1921). ''The Musical Times'', 62 (940): 400-403.〕 The first of 13 performances at the Théâtre National de l'Opéra-Comique (Théâtre du Châtelet), on 10 May 1898 was conducted by André Messager and included in the cast Raunay and Imbart de la Tour from the Brussels premiere, along with Gaston Beyle, Ernest Carbonne and André Gresse.〔Wolff, Stéphane. ''Un demi-siècle d'Opéra-Comique (1900-1950).'' Paris: André Bonne, 1953, p228. 〕 The last stage performances of it occurred in 1912-13 (at the Paris Palais Garnier, again with Messager conducting) and since that time opera was never performed again on stage, but in concert it was presented by RTF in 1962. The Bern Opera House presented it in two concert performances, conducted by Srboljub Dinić, on 28 May and 18 June 2009.〔(The poster for Bern's Opera House performances of ''Fervaal'' )〕 It was also performed in concert by the American Symphony Orchestra, led by Leon Botstein on 14 October 2009 at Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City.〔(Review of ''Fervaal'' performance at Avery Fisher Hall 2009 )〕 Contemporary commentary, such as from Maurice Ravel, described ''Fervaal'' as strongly influenced by the operas of Richard Wagner., such as ''Parsifal'' Thus opera can be described as an epic with Wagnerian allusion. Anya Suschitzky has published a lengthy analysis of the opera in the context of French nationalism and the influence of Wagner on French composers. James Ross〔(James Ross web page )〕 has examined ''Fervaal'' in the context of French politics of the time, in addition to French nationalism. Manuela Schwartz has discussed in detail the connection between the story of ''Axel'' and the opera of ''Fervaal''. In the context of religious theme of paganism vs. Christianity in the work, d'Indy uses the old musical theme of "Pange, lingua" as a musical representation of the new religion (Christianity) supplanting the old (paganism).〔Calvocoressi, M.D. (1 July 1921). "The Dramatic Works of Vincent d'Indy. ''Fervaal'' (Continued)". ''The Musical Times'', 62, 941: 466-468.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fervaal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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