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Ffestiniog Railway
The Ffestiniog Railway ((ウェールズ語:Rheilffordd Ffestiniog)) is a narrow gauge heritage railway, located in Gwynedd, Wales. It is a major tourist attraction located mainly within the Snowdonia National Park.
The railway is roughly long and runs from the harbour at Porthmadog to the slate mining town of Blaenau Ffestiniog, travelling through forested and mountainous scenery. The line is single track throughout with four intermediate passing places. The first mile of the line out of Porthmadog runs atop an embankment locally called ''the Cob'', which is the dyke of the Traeth Mawr "polder". The narrow gauge track is shared with the company's other line, the restored Welsh Highland Railway of 2011 (originally 1922), allowing trains to interwork.
== History ==
The railway company is properly known as the "Festiniog Railway Company" as this otherwise obsolete spelling (with ''F'' rather than ''Ff'') is in the official title of the company in the Act (2 William IV cap. 48) that created the railway. It is the oldest surviving railway company in the world (although not the oldest working railway - a record which goes to the Middleton Railway, in West Yorkshire), having been founded by the Act of Parliament on 23 May 1832 with capital mostly raised in Dublin by Henry Archer, the company's first secretary and managing director. Most British railways were amalgamated into four large groups in 1921 and then into British Railways in 1948 but the Festiniog Railway Company, like most narrow-gauge railways, remained independent. In 1921, this was due to political influence, whereas in 1947 it was left out of British Railways because it was closed for traffic, despite vigorous local lobbying for it to be included.
Various important developments in the Railway's early history were celebrated by the firing of rock cannon at various points along the line. Cannon were fired, for instance, to mark the laying of the first stone at Creuau in 1833,〔Carnarvon Herald, 2 March 1833〕 the railway's opening in 1836,〔Carnarvon Herald, 23 April 1836〕 and the opening of the Moelwyn Tunnel in 1842.〔Carnarvon and Denbigh Herald, 4 June 1842〕 The passing of a later Act for the railway also saw cannon celebrations, but on this occasion a fitter at Boston Lodge, who was assisting with firing, lost the fingers of one hand in an accident.〔North Wales Chronicle, 17 July 1869〕
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