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Fierabras (from French: ''fier à bras'', "brave/formidable arm") or Ferumbras is a fictional Saracen knight (sometimes of gigantic stature) appearing in several ''chansons de geste'' and other material relating to the Matter of France. He is the son of Balan, king of Spain, and is frequently shown in conflict with Roland and the Twelve Peers, especially Oliver, whose prowess he almost rivals. Fierabras eventually converts to Christianity and fights for Charlemagne. == Texts and adaptations == The oldest extant text of the story of Fierabras is a 12th-century (c. 1170) Old French ''chanson de geste'' of roughly 6,200 alexandrines〔Hasenohr.〕 in assonanced laisses. The story is as follows: the Saracen king Balan and his son Fierabras return to Spain after sacking the church of Saint Peter's in Rome and taking the relics of the passion. Charlemagne invades Spain to recover the relics and sends his knight Olivier de Vienne, Roland's companion, to battle Fierabras. Once defeated, the giant decides to convert to Christianity and joins Charlemagne's army, but Olivier and several other knights are captured. Floripas, Fierabras' sister, falls in love with one of Charlemagne's knights, Gui de Bourgogne. After a series of adventures, Charlemagne kills king Balan, divides Spain between Fierabras and Gui de Bourgogne (who marries Floripas), and returns to Saint Denis with the holy relics. The poem also survives in an Occitan version dating from the 13th century (roughly 5,000 alexandrines; the first 600 verses do not appear in the Old French version).〔Hasenohr〕 The Occitan and the Old French version may derive from a common lost source.〔Gerritsen.〕 This version in turn inspired an Italian version (''Cantare di Fierabraccia e Ulivieri'') in the second half of the 14th century.〔 Two English versions were made: ''Sir Ferumbras'' (late 14th or early 15th century) and ''Firumbras'' (fragmentary).〔 A 15th-century English work, ''Sowdon of Babylon'', combined the story with another work (the ''Destruction de Rome'').〔Miquet, 18.〕 The story was put into prose three times in the 14th and 15th centuries: * one anonymous version (14th century),;〔 in this version, among the various changes brought to the story, Fierabras is no longer depicted as a giant.〔 * a Burgundian version (expanded with other material from the Matter of France and the history of Charlemagne: ''Chroniques et conquêtes de Charlemagne'') by David Aubert (c.1456-8)〔 * and, most importantly, a Swiss version by Jean or Jehan Bagnyon,〔 ''Le rommant de Fierabras le geant'' (Geneva, 1478,〔Tilly, 16.〕 the first ''chanson de geste'' to be printed〔) which the author (like David Aubert) expanded with other material from the Matter of France and the history of Charlemagne (from 1497 () the title was ''La Conqueste du grand roy Charlemagne des Espagnes et les vaillances des douze pairs de France, et aussi celles de Fierabras''〔). The historical material in Bagnyon's text is largely based on the ''Historia Caroli Magni'' (also known as the "Pseudo-Turpin" chronicle), probably known to Bagnyon via the ''Speculum Historiale'' of Vincent de Beauvais.〔Hasenohr, 746.〕 The Bagnyon version became one of the most popular novels in France in the first half of the 16th century (15 editions printed to 1536〔) and was adapted into Castilian, Portuguese, German, and English (by William Caxton).〔 In Spain the story can be found in the ''Historia del emperador Carlomagno y de los doce pares de Francia'' by Nicolás of Piemonte first edited in 1521. This is a Castilian translation--or better, an adaptation--of Bagnyon's ''La Conqueste du grand roy Charlemagne''. Miguel de Cervantes refers to Fierabras in his ''Don Quixote'' (see below). There also exist other versions of the legend, including one in Early Modern Irish (''Stair Fortibrais'').〔 The 17th-century playwright Calderón de la Barca used elements of the story (the love affair of Floripas and Gui) for his play ''La Puente de Mantibile''. In 1823, Franz Schubert wrote the opera ''Fierrabras'', based on certain tales surrounding the knight's conversion. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fierabras」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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