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Firefighting is the act of extinguishing fires. A firefighter suppresses and extinguishes fires to protect lives and prevent the destruction of property and the environment. Firefighters may provide many other valuable services to their communities including emergency medical services. Firefighting demands a professional approach and many firefighters achieve a high degree of technical skill as a result of years training in both general firefighting techniques and developing specialist expertise in particular fire and rescue operations such as aircraft/airport rescue; Wilderness fire suppression; and Search and rescue. One of the major hazards associated with firefighting operations is the toxic environment created by combustible materials, the four major hazards being smoke, the oxygen deficient atmosphere, elevated temperatures, and toxic atmospheres. Additional risks of fire include falls and structural collapse that can exacerbate the problems entailed in this toxic environment. To combat some of these risks, firefighters carry self-contained breathing apparatus. The first step of a firefighting operation is a reconnaissance to search for the origin of the fire and identification of the specific risks and any possible casualties. Fires can be extinguished by water, fuel removal, or chemical flame inhibition. In the US, fires are sometimes categorized as "one alarm", "all hands", "two alarm", "three alarm" (or higher) fires. There is no standard definition for what this means quantifiable though it always refers to the level response by the local authorities. In some cities, the numeric rating refers to the number of fire stations that have been summoned to the fire. In others, the number counts the number of "dispatches" for additional personnel and equipment.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Washington DC Business News - Business, Money, Financial & Corporate News )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Four-alarm fire on Avenue B )〕 ==History== The earliest known firefighters were in the city of Rome. In 6 A.D. , emperor Augustus made the Corps of Vigils to protect Rome after a disastrous fire. The Corps of Vigils consisted of 7000 people. They were equipped with buckets and axes, and they fought fires and served as police.〔International Fire Service Training Association. Fire Service Orientation and Indoctrination. Philadelphia: Board of Regents, 1984. Print.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Firefighting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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