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Fischerinsel
Fischerinsel (Fisher Island) is the southern part of the island in the River Spree which was formerly the location of the city of Cölln and is now part of central Berlin. The northern part of the island is known as Museum Island. Fischerinsel is normally said to extend south from Gertraudenstraße and is named for a fishermen's settlement which formerly occupied the southern end of the island. Until the mid-twentieth-century it was a well preserved pre-industrial neighbourhood, and most of the buildings survived World War II, but in the 1960s and 1970s under the German Democratic Republic it was levelled and replaced with a development of residential tower blocks.
==History==
The original settlement of fishermen and other boatmen and their families was part of Cölln from 1237 on. The neighbourhood, which occupies approximately had many relatively well to do inhabitants, but during the 17th century it became a crowded neighbourhood of poor people and came to be known as the ''Fischerkiez'' (fishing village).〔(Fischerinsel ), Berliner Bezirkslexikon, Mitte, Luisenstädtische Bildungsverein, 2002, updated 7 October 2009 〕〔(Fischerinsel ), Sehenswürdigkeiten, Berlin.de 〕〔Kirsten Niemann, ("Zwischen Dom und Baubrachen" ), Auf den Spuren von Berlins berühmten Einwohnern (12), ''Berliner Zeitung'', 10 June 2009 〕 In 1709, Cölln united with Berlin, whose old centre lay on the east bank of the river. In the 18th century, boating professions became less important as the city industrialised. As a result, in the early 19th century, the Fischerinsel district stopped developing and became a neighbourhood which preserved the look of old Berlin, including the last gabled houses in the city. In the 20th century it became a tourist attraction.
The neighbourhood and its high street, Fischerstraße, remained comparatively untouched after World War II.〔Brian Ladd, ''The Ghosts of Berlin: Confronting German History in the Urban Landscape'', Chicago: University of Chicago, 1997, ISBN 9780226467603, (p. 47 ).〕〔The Luisenstädtische Bildungsverein encyclopedia entry and (the city tourist information page on the Fischerinsel ) state that there was considerable destruction in the Fischerinsel: "stark zerstört", "weitgehend zerstört".〕 Like the rest of the borough of Mitte, it fell into the Soviet Zone which became East Berlin. In 1954, a plan was drawn up for the neighbourhood which emphasised conservation of the surviving buildings. Later plans envisaged replacement with low density housing (1957) and a perimeter development of tower blocks. However, in 1960 an overall plan was adopted for central Berlin which required demolition of all the buildings in the Fischerinsel area.〔Martin Kieren, "The 1960s: The Legacy of Modernism—Curse or Blessing?" in ''City of Architecture, Architecture of the City: Berlin 1900–2000'', ed. Thorsten Scheer, Josef Paul Kleihues and Paul Kahlfeldt, Berlin: Nicolai, 2000, ISBN 9783875840179, pp. 282–93, p. 290.〕 This was done beginning in 1964, including 30 registered landmarks, and the ancient street plan was effaced. The painter Otto Nagel, in the last years of his life, documented it in a series of pastels entitled ''Abschied vom Fischerkiez'' (Farewell to the Fishing Village),〔(Otto Nagel ), Berlin—ein Streifzug durch Geschichte und Gegenwart , retrieved 14 September 2012.〕 after calling in vain for its preservation in 1955.
Breite Straße was extended and beginning in 1967, five residential tower blocks were built; they were announced as the "first group of high-rise buildings in the capital",〔 but later conflicted with plans for a grand central urban axis.〔Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm, "Locational Shift—the 1960s: City Centre Planning in East and West" in ''City of Architecture, Architecture of the City'', pp. 294–305, p. 303.〕 In 1971–73, the dramatic ''Großgaststätte Ahornblatt'' (Great Maple Leaf Restaurant)〔Kieren, fig. 387 caption, p. 288.〕 was added to serve the neighbourhood, which ultimately also included the five 21-storey blocks, a double block with 18- and 21-storey sections,〔According to the city tourist information page, there are two double tower blocks.〕 a swimming centre opened in October 1979,〔Claudia Fuchs, ("Schwimmhalle saniert" ), ''Berliner Zeitung'', 20 August 2009 〕 two kindergartens, and a supermarket.〔 In 2000 the Ahornblatt was demolished, to be replaced by a multi-use centre including a hotel, flats and offices, despite protests that it should be preserved.〔Steve Danesch, ''Zum Umgang mit dem städtebaulichen Erbe der DDR-Moderne in Berlin-Mitte'', thesis, University of Kassel, GRIN, 2011, ISBN 978-3-640-91070-0, (pp. 109–10 ) 〕 As a result of the redevelopment of the site, the old locations of Roßstraße, Petristraße, Grünstraße and Gertraudenstraße can be seen in places.
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