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Fishguard ((ウェールズ語:Abergwaun), meaning "Mouth of the River Gwaun") is a coastal town in Pembrokeshire, south-west Wales, with a population of 3,419 recorded in the 2011 Census. The community of Fishguard and Goodwick had a population of 5,043 in 2001 and 5,407 in 2011. The town is divided into two parts, the main town of Fishguard and Lower Fishguard. Lower Fishguard (locally known as 'Lower Town') is believed to be the site of the original hamlet from which modern Fishguard has grown. It is situated in a deep valley where the River Gwaun meets the sea, hence the Welsh name for Fishguard. It is a typical fishing village with a short tidal quay. The settlement stretches along the north slope of the valley. The main town contains the parish church, the High Street and most of the modern development, and lies upon the hill to the south of Lower Fishguard, to which it is joined by a steep and winding hill. The western part of the town, facing Goodwick, grew up in the first decade of the 20th century with the development of Fishguard Harbour. ==History== Fishguard is within the historic Welsh cantref of Cemais, and part of the Welsh province of Dyfed, within the historic Principality of Deheubarth.〔Davies, John, ''A History of Wales'', Penguin, 1994, ''foundations of'' pgs 17,19, 43, ''Migration of the Desi into Demetia'', page 52 ''Demetia'' 17, 30, 34, ''ruling house of'' 52, 72, 85, 87 ''and the Vikings'' pages 85, ''relations with Alfred of Wessex'', page 85, ''and the Vikings/Northmen'' page 98, ''and the Normans'' 106, 112, 114〕 The coasts of Wales were subject to Norse raids during the Viking Era, and in the latter part of the 10th century Norse trading posts and settlements emerged within Dyfed, with Fishguard established sometime between 950 and 1000 AD.〔 The town name ''Fishguard'' derives from old Norse ''fiskigarðr'' meaning "fish catching enclosure",〔Charles, B. G., ''The Placenames of Pembrokeshire'', National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, 1992, ISBN 0-907158-58-7, p 50〕 indicating that there may have been a Scandinavian trading post, although no evidence has been found.〔Charles, ''ibid'', p xxxvi〕 Called "Fiscard" until the turn of the 19th century when the name was "Anglicised", Fishguard was a marcher borough and in 1603 was described as one of five Pembrokeshire boroughs overseen by a portreeve.〔Owen, George, ''The Description of Penbrokshire by George Owen of Henllys Lord of Kemes'', Henry Owen (Ed), London, 1892〕 The Norman settlement lay along what is now High Street between the church at its north end and the remains of a Norman motte at its south end. Lower Fishguard developed as a herring fishery and port, trading with Ireland, Bristol and Liverpool. In the late 18th century it had 50 coasting vessels, and exported oats and salt herring.〔Barrett, J. H., ''The Pembrokeshire Coast Path'', HMSO, 1974, ISBN 0-11-700336-0, p 44〕 In 1779, the port was raided by the privateer ''Black Prince'', which bombarded the town when the payment of a £1,000 ransom was refused. As a result, Fishguard Fort was completed in 1781, overlooking Lower Fishguard.〔(Sites and Stones: Fishguard Fort, Pembrokeshire )〕 The port declined in the latter half of the 19th century. Fishguard's ancient ''Royal Oak'' public house was the site of the signing of surrender after the Battle of Fishguard in 1797, the last successful invasion of Britain, when a force of 1,400 French soldiers landed near Fishguard but surrendered two days later. The story is told in the Fishguard Tapestry created for the 200th anniversary to emulate the Bayeux Tapestry, and is displayed in the Town Hall Library. A 19th-century vicar of Fishguard, the Rev. Samuel Fenton MA, wrote the book ''The History of Pembrokeshire''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/PEM/Fishguard/Fishguard1833.html )〕 The ancient Parliamentary Borough of Fishguard was contributory to the Borough of Haverfordwest. In 1907, it was created an urban district, which included Goodwick from 1934 until it was abolished in 1974. During the Second World War, the Fishguard Bay Hotel was Station IXc of Special Operations Executive where submersibles were tested in Fishguard Bay. Fishguard & Goodwick Golf Club was founded in 1921 and closed in the 1960s.〔(“Fishguard & Goodwick Golf Club” ), “Golf’s Missing Links”.〕 Since 1995 the town of Loctudy ((ブルトン語:Loktudi)) in Brittany, France has been twinned with Fishguard. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fishguard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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