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Flammability
Flammability is the ability of a substance to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion. The degree of difficulty required to cause the combustion of a substance is quantified through fire testing. Internationally, a variety of test protocols exist to quantify flammability. The ratings achieved are used in building codes, insurance requirements, fire codes and other regulations governing the use of building materials as well as the storage and handling of highly flammable substances inside and outside of structures and in surface and air transportation. For instance, changing an occupancy by altering the flammability of the contents requires the owner of a building to apply for a building permit to make sure that the overall fire protection design basis of the facility can take the change into account.
==Definitions==
Historically, ''flammable'', ''inflammable'' and ''combustible'' meant ''capable of burning''.〔inflammable, a. (n.) 1. combustible a. and n. 1. ''Oxford English Dictionary''. 2nd ed. 2009. CD-rom.〕 The word "inflammable" came through French from the Latin ''inflammāre'' = "to set fire to," where the Latin preposition "in-"〔("flammable", ''The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language'', 5th ed. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 2014. accessed 3/11/2015 )〕 means "in" as in "indoctrinate", rather than "not" as in "invisible" and "ineligible".
However, inflammable may be erroneously thought to mean "non-flammable".〔Sherk, Bill. "fireproof", ''500 Years of New Words''. Toronto: Dundurn, 2004. 96. Print.〕 This is a significant safety hazard so since the 1950s efforts to put forward to use flammable in place of inflammable were accepted by linguists and is now the accepted standard in American English and British English.〔Garner, Bryan A., ''Garner's Modern American Usage''. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford UP, 2009. 357. Print.〕 Antonyms of flammable/inflammable are ''non-flammable'', ''non-inflammable'', ''incombustible'', ''non-combustible'', ''ininflammable'', or simply ''not flammable''.
''Flammable'' is used for materials which ignite more easily than other materials thus is more dangerous and more highly regulated. Less easily ignited or which burn less vigorously are ''combustible''. For example, in the United States flammable liquids by definition they have a flash point below where combustible liquids have a flash point above . "Flammable solids are solids that are readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction. Readily combustible solids are powdered, granular, or pasty substances which are dangerous if they can be easily ignited by brief contact with an ignition source, such as a burning match, and if the flame spreads rapidly."〔(''The Guide to The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)''. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. )〕 The technical definitions vary between countries so the United Nations created the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals which defines the flash point temperature of flammable liquids to be between 0 and and combustible liquids between and .〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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