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Flat-twelve engine
A flat-12 is a 12-cylinder internal combustion engine in a flat configuration. Rarer, wider, and less tall than a V12, a flat-12 is used exclusively in mid-engined sports cars and rarely on production cars.
The engine has a naturally lower center of gravity than a V12, but must be mounted somewhat higher in the engine bay to provide clearance for the exhaust system (six runners on either side).
==Ferrari==
Flat-12 engines are generally not true horizontally opposed engines (boxer), but rather 180° V-engines. A true boxer has one crank pin per piston, while in the 180° V-engine, two opposing pistons share the same crank pin. The flat design was used in Formula One and Endurance racing. However, when wing-cars requiring air-flow venturis came along in the late 1970s, the wide, flat layout obstructed the airflow and became obsolete. In 1964-65, at the end of the 1.5 litre F1 era, Ferrari introduced a flat-12 on the Ferrari 1512 F1, but a more classical V12 was chosen for the new 3 litre F1. The Ferrari flat-12 design was successful and influential especially on Italian manufacturers, including Alfa Romeo, who were also successful in endurance racing with a flat-12. The Tecno Formula One flat-12 was a failure, however. A 4.4-5.0 L 180° flat-12 was later introduced by Ferrari in some of their production models, including the Berlinetta Boxer and Testarossa.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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