|
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is a type of influenza vaccine in the form of a nasal spray. It is an attenuated vaccine, unlike most influenza vaccines, which are inactivated vaccines. LAIV is administered intranasally,〔 while inactivated vaccines are administered by intramuscular injection. Both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines are typically trivalent. That is, they contain material from three different influenza virus strains recommended by national and international public health agencies〔Influenza vaccine: annual reformulation of flu vaccine.〕〔(Influenza Virus Vaccine Composition and Lot Release ), US Food and Drug Administration〕 as most likely to be protective against seasonal influenza in any given year. However, for 2013-2014 the FDA has switched to a quadrivalent LAIV. LAIV is sold under the trade name FluMist in the United States and Canada, and Fluenz〔(Fluenz: EPAR - Summary for the public )〕 in Europe. FluMist is manufactured by MedImmune and was first introduced in 2003. It was the first and (as of 2007) the only live attenuated vaccine for influenza available outside of Europe.〔http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5213a1.htm Recommendations and Reports September 26, 2003 / 52(RR13);1-8 Using Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccine for Prevention and Control of Influenza Supplemental Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Prepared by Scott A. Harper, M.D.1 Keiji Fukuda, M.D.1 Nancy J. Cox, Ph.D.1 Carolyn B. Bridges, M.D.2 1Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases 2Epidemiology and Surveillance Division National Immunization Program 〕 In September 2009 a LAIV intranasal vaccine for the novel H1N1 influenza virus was approved.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Update on Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccines )〕 In 2011, the vaccine was approved by the European Medicines Agency for use in the European Union under the name Fluenz.〔(AstraZeneca's Nasal Flu Vaccine Approved In Europe )〕 ==Rationale== LAIV is more effective than inactivated vaccine in most patients, because it is delivered via the natural site of entry of the influenza virus, and produces a significantly stronger immune response when compared to inactivated vaccine. Also, recent studies suggest that the nasal spray flu vaccine prevented about 50% more cases of flu than the flu shot in younger children. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Live attenuated influenza vaccine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|