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Flumequine〔INN: Lomefloxacin Hydrochloride〕 is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. It is a first-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial that has been removed from clinical use and is no longer being marketed. It kills bacteria by interfering with the enzymes that cause DNA to unwind and duplicate. Flumequine was used in veterinarian medicine for the treatment of enteric infections (all infections of the intestinal tract),〔Francis, Philip G.; Robert J. Wells (1998). "Flumequine". in Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. ISBN 92-5-104128-8. OCLC 39798999.〕 as well as to treat cattle, swine, chickens, and fish, but only in a limited number of countries.〔〔Cattle only in Europe and Latin America. (Limited use in Latin America), Poultry only in Europe, Asia and Latin America, Fish only in Asia http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Aug03/081403/03n-0324-bkg0001-10-tab7-vol2.pdf〕〔Quinalones are often used to treat severe cases of human infection with Campylobacter spp., and they are also used in veterinary medicine, especially for treating poultry. http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/02/Jan02/011102/00n-1571_c000191_06_Exhibit_05_vol25.pdf〕 It was occasionally used in France (and a few other European Countries) to treat urinary tract infections under the trade name Apurone.〔 However this was a limited indication〔The quinolones (Third Edition 2000) By Vincent T. Andriole Chapter I History and overview By Dr. Peter Ball (page 5)〕 because only minimal serum levels were achieved. ==History== The first quinolone used was nalidixic acid (was marketed in many countries as Negram) followed by the fluoroquinolone flumequine.〔 The first-generation fluoroquinolone agents, such as flumequine, had poor distribution into the body tissues and limited activity. As such they were used mainly for treatment of urinary tract infections. Flumequine (benzo quinolizine) was first patented in 1973, (German Patent) by Rikker Labs. Flumequine is a known antimicrobial compound described and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,896,131 (Example 3), July 22, 1975. Flumequine is the first quinolone compound with a fluorine atom at the C6-position of the related quinolone basic molecular structure. Even though this was the first fluoroquinolone, it is often overlooked when classifying the drugs within this class by generations and excluded from such a list. Though used frequently to treat farm animals and on occasion household pets, flumequine was also used to treat urinary tract infections in humans. Flumequine, was used transiently treat urinary infections〔 until ocular toxicity was reported. as well as liver damage and anaphylactic shock. In 2008, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested that all quinolone/fluoroquinolone drugs package inserts include a Black Boxed Warning concerning the risk of spontaneous tendon ruptures, which would have included flumequine. The FDA also requested that the manufacturers send out Dear Doctor Letters regarding this new warning. Such tendon problems have also been associated with flumequine. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flumequine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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