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Flutter-tonguing
Flutter-tonguing is a wind instrument tonguing technique in which performers flutter their tongue to make a characteristic "FrrrrFrrrrr" sound. The effect varies according to the instrument and at what volume it is played, ranging from cooing sounds on a recorder to an effect similar to the growls used by jazz musicians.
== Notation ==
In sheet music, the technique is usually indicated with the standard tremolo markings on a note alongside a text instruction to flutter the note. The German marking "Flatterzunge" is often abbreviated to "Flz." or "Flt.". The Italian "frullato" is sometimes abbreviated to "frull".〔DeBost, Michael. ''The Simple Flute: from A to Z'' Oxford University Press, 2002. (p. 253 ).〕 In English, the most common indication is "f.t." Other markings that composers have used to indicate flutter tonguing include: coupe de lange roulé, en roulant la langue, tremolo dental, tremolo avec la langue, tremolo roulé, vibrata linguale, vibrando, and colpo di lingua among others.〔Toff, Nancy. ''The Flute: A Complete Guide for Students and Performers''. Oxford University Press, 1996. (p. 120 ).〕However, simply writing (3-line) tremolo marks on all rhythmic values without other indication is most generally accepted.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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