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Forêts was a ''département'' of the French First Republic, and later the First French Empire, in present Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany. Its name, meaning 'forests', comes from the Ardennes forests. It was formed on 24 October 1795,〔Kreins (2003), pp.64–5〕 after the Southern Netherlands had been annexed by France on 1 October.〔Kreins (2003), p.64〕 Before the occupation, the territory was part of the Duchy of Luxembourg and the Duchy of Bouillon. Its capital was Luxembourg City. After Napoleon was defeated in 1814, most of it became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, with the part on the east side of the rivers Our and Sauer becoming part of Prussia (now Germany). It is now divided between the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Belgian province of Luxembourg, and the German ''Land'' of Rhineland-Palatinate. The département was subdivided into the following arrondissements and cantons (situation in 1812):〔(Almanach Impérial an bissextil MDCCCXII ), p. 404, accessed in Gallica 24 July 2013 〕 * Luxembourg: cantons Luxembourg (2 cantons), Arlon, Bettembourg, Betzdorf, Grevenmacher, Mersch, Messancy and Remich (Arlon and Messancy now in Belgium, others in Luxembourg). * Bitburg: cantons Bitburg, Arzfeld, Dudeldorf, Echternach and Neuerburg (Echternach now in Luxembourg, others in Germany). * Diekirch: cantons Diekirch, Clervaux, Ospern, Vianden and Wiltz (now in Luxembourg). * Neufchâteau: cantons Neufchâteau, Bastogne, Étalle, Fauvillers, Florenville, Houffalize, Paliseul, Sibret and Virton (now in Belgium). Its population in 1812 was 246,333, and its area was 691,035 hectares.〔 ==Regime== The administrative, institutional, economic, social, and political framework of Luxembourg was swept away without restraint. Unlike a simple transfer of sovereignty, such as Luxembourg had experienced many over the previous decades, this period was to put Luxmbourg and surrounding areas on the path to a new kind of society.〔 Trausch, Gérard. (Cahier économique 113: Les mutations économiques et sociales de la société luxembourgeoise depuis la révolution française ). Luxembourg: Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (STATEC), 2012.〕 The privileges of the masters and confraternities of artisans were abolished in November 1795. Under the Austrian Netherlands, civil registrations (births, deaths, marriages) were left to the parishes, and linked to sacraments administered by the Church. From June 1796, this changed: registrations were performed by a civil registration officer. Luxembourg was a Catholic society, in which religion was omni-present and resistant to change. In this traditional society, the secularisation of marriage and the introduction of divorce were fault lines, which caused great consternation.〔 The institutions and administrative machinery introduced by the French in this period is the origin of today's government institutions in Luxembourg: districts (''arrondissements''), cantons and communes were introduced under the French, and continue to exist.〔 French rule in Luxembourg provoked widespread discontent, and the causes for this are several: religious persecutions, the suppression of the religious orders in the city of Luxembourg, military requisitions, taxation, and the introduction of obligatory military service from 1798. This discontent culminated in the Peasants' War that same year, a revolt in the northern part of the department that was limited to the peasantry. Among other classes of society, however, the benefits of the Napoleonic reforms did meet with a level of appreciation.〔 At the same time, a fundamental characteristic of the French Revolutionary government, administrative centralisation, collided with Luxembourgish traditions: each ''département ''received a central commissioner. The département of Forêts saw four commissioners over the years, all of them from France proper.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Forêts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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