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(詳細はmountaineering terminology in the United States, a fourteener is a mountain that meets or exceeds an elevation of above mean sea level. Colorado has the majority of fourteeners in the contiguous United States (53), followed by California, which has the second largest group of such peaks in the lower 48 states (12). Climbing all of Colorado's fourteeners is a popular pastime among peak baggers; another popular target is climbing all of the fourteeners in the contiguous United States. Various ski mountaineers have completed ski descents of all the Colorado fourteeners, and the first attempts are being made to complete ski descents of all U.S. fourteeners. Topographic elevation is the vertical distance above the reference geoid, a precise mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface. Topographic prominence is the elevation difference between the summit and the highest or key col to a higher summit. Topographic isolation is the minimum great circle distance to a point of higher elevation. All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). If a summit elevation or prominence has a range of values, the arithmetic mean is cited. == Qualification criteria == Not all summits over 14,000 feet qualify as fourteeners.〔Blake, Kevin S. 2002. Colorado Fourteeners and the Nature of Place Identity. ''Geographical Review'' 92(2): 155-179.〕 Summits which qualify are those considered by mountaineers to be independent. Objective standards for independence include topographic prominence and isolation (distance from a higher summit), or a combination of the two. However, fourteener lists do not always consistently use such objective rules. A rule commonly used by mountaineers in the contiguous United States is that a peak must have at least of prominence to qualify. By this rule, Colorado has 53 fourteeners, California has 12, and Washington has two. According to the (Mountaineering Club of Alaska ), it is standard in Alaska to use a prominence rule rather than a rule. By this rule, Alaska has at least 21 peaks over and its 12 highest peaks exceed . For comparison, Canada has 15 fourteeners, and Mexico has 8; however, the importance of the 14,000-foot mark is minimal outside of the U.S. (due in large part to the otherwise universal usage of the metric system). In Europe, a peak would be considered high (similar to the 10,000 feet mark in the U.S.), and it is very common to attempt to climb all of the independent peaks in the Alps; that pastime roughly corresponds to fourteener-bagging in the U.S. 14ers.com is a free website created to document information on Colorado 14ers, as well as inform climbers of current conditions on these mountains. The site has numerous current photos of mountains as well as an extremely active community on its forums. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fourteener」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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