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Girolamo Fracastoro ((ラテン語:Hieronymus Fracastorius); c. 1476–14786 August 1553〔The date given in the ''Vita'' is: ''«octavo idus Augusti MDLIII.»'' (In: ''Opera omnia,'' 1555; 1574; (1584 )); for conversion see e.g. here.〕) was an Italian physician, poet, and scholar in mathematics, geography and astronomy. Fracastoro subscribed to the philosophy of atomism, and rejected appeals to hidden causes in scientific investigation. Born in Verona, Republic of Venice and educated at Padua where at 19 he was appointed professor at the University. On account of his eminence in the practice of medicine, he was elected physician of the Council of Trent. A bronze statue was erected in his honor by the citizens of Padua, while his native city commemorated their great compatriot by a marble statue. He lived and practised in his hometown. In 1546 he proposed that epidemic diseases are caused by transferable tiny particles or "spores" that could transmit infection by direct or indirect contact or even without contact over long distances. In his writing, the "spores" of diseases may refer to chemicals rather than to any living entities. He appears to have first used the Latin word ''fomes'', meaning tinder, in this sense in his essay on contagion, ''De Contagione et Contagiosis Morbis'' published in 1546: "I call fomites (the Latin ''fomes'', meaning "tinder" ) such things as clothes, linen, etc., which although not themselves corrupt, can nevertheless foster the essential seeds of the contagion and thus cause infection."〔''On Contagion, Contagious Diseases and Their Cure'' (1546) by Girolamo Fracastoro〕 His theory remained influential for nearly three centuries, before being superseded by a fully developed germ theory.〔http://www2.bartleby.com/65/fr/Fracasto.html ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', Sixth Edition. 2001–05.〕 The name for syphilis is derived from Fracastoro's 1530 epic poem in three books, ''Syphilis sive morbus gallicus'' ("Syphilis or The French Disease"), about a shepherd boy named Syphilus who insulted Greek god Apollo〔http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/578770/syphilis/253277/Syphilis-through-history〕 and was punished by that god with a horrible disease. The poem suggests using mercury and "guaiaco" as a cure. His 1546 book (''De contagione'', "On Contagion") also gave the first description for typhus. The collected works of Fracastoro appeared for the first time in 1555. A portrait of Fracastoro that has been in the collection of the National Gallery since 1924 has recently been attributed to the renowned Italian painter Titian. The re-attribution has led scholars to speculate that Titian may have painted the portrait in exchange for syphilis treatment.〔 ==Fracastoro's landmarks in Verona== A marble portrait statue of Girolamo Fracastoro by the Carrarese sculptor Danese Cattaneo (completed 1559) stands on a beautiful arch in the central Piazza dei Signori of Verona, near the monument to Dante Alighieri. On its base is the inscription: "HIER FRACASTORIO \ PAULLI PHILIPPI F \ EX PUBLICA AUCTORITATE \ DICATA \ AN SAL MDLIX". According to a popular legend the stone ball Fracastoro holds in his right hand, symbolizing the world, will fall on the first honorable person to walk under the arch. Over the centuries many people have passed every day under the arch but the ball remains in place. Image:Girolamo_Fracastoro's statue in Verona 1.JPG|the statue in its context Image:Girolamo Fracastoro's statue in Verona 4.JPG|the statue with the inscription 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Girolamo Fracastoro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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