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Frankia
''Frankia'' is a genus of nitrogen fixing, filamentous bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to the ''Rhizobia'' bacteria that are found in the root nodules of legumes in the Fabaceae family. Bacteria of this genus also form root nodules.
This genus was originally named by Jørgen Brunchorst in 1886 to honor the German biologist, A. B. Frank.〔''Prokaryotic symbionts in plants'' by Katharina Pawlowski, (p. 107 )〕 Brunchorst considered the organism he had identified to be a filamentous fungus. Becking redefined the genus in 1970 as containing prokaryotic actinomycetes and created the family Frankiaceae within the Actinomycetales. He retained the original name of ''Frankia'' for the genus.〔(''Frankia'' taxonomy )〕
==Overview==
''Frankia alni'' is the only named species in this genus, but a great many strains are specific to different plant species. The bacteria are filamentous and convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia via the enzyme nitrogenase, a process known as nitrogen fixation. They do this while living in root nodules on actinorhizal plants. The bacteria can supply most or all of the nitrogen requirements of the host plant. As a result, actinorhizal plants colonise and often thrive in soils that are low in plant nutrients.〔(Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants )〕
Several ''Frankia'' genomes are now available which may help clarify how the symbiosis between prokaryote and plant evolved, how the environmental and geographical adaptations occurred, the metabolic diversity, and the horizontal gene flow among the symbiotic prokaryotes.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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