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Franschhoek
Franschhoek ("French Corner", Dutch spelling before 1947 ''Fransche Hoek'') is a small town in the Western Cape Province and one of the oldest towns of the Republic of South Africa. It is about 75 kilometres from Cape Town and has a population of slightly over 15,000 people. Since 2000 it has been incorporated into Stellenbosch Municipality.
==History==
(詳細はHuguenot refugees, many of whom were given land by the Dutch government in a valley called ''Olifantshoek'' ("Elephants' corner"), so named because of the elephants that crossed into the valley to calve. The name of the area soon changed to ''le Coin Français'' ("the French Corner"), and later to Franschhoek (Dutch for "French Corner"), with many of the settlers naming their new farms after the areas in France from which they came.〔(Old Buildings of the Cape, Hans Fransen. Jonathan Ball Publishers:Cape Town. p.283 )〕 La Motte, Champagne, La Cotte, Cabrière, La Provence, Bourgogne, La Terra de Luc and La Dauphine were among some of the first established farms — most of which still retain their original Cape Dutch farm houses today. These farms have grown into renowned wineries. Many of the surnames in the area are of French origin, e.g. Du Toit, Marais, Du Plessis, Malan, Malherbe, and Joubert.
This heritage is shown today by the Huguenot Monument which stands at the end of the town. The museum nearby chronicles the history of the first settlers, with each of the original Huguenot farms having its own fascinating story to tell. The Cape Dutch architecture in much of the village is unspoilt, as restrictions have been placed on the extent of renovations and new construction in order to preserve the spirit of the original settlers to the area.
In 1904 a 27 km branch line was built between Paarl and Franschhoek to serve as an alternative to ox drawn carts for farmers wanting to get their produce to market. Steam locomotives operated along the route until diesel locomotives took over in the 1970s and then, in the 1990s, as the need for rail transport decreased, service along the railway line was discontinued. The branch line was reinstated in 2012 〔(Cape Argus - Fran tram to rattle winelands )〕〔(Paarl Post - Franschhoek wine tram here )〕 by a private operator and now sees service as the Franschhoek Wine Tram,〔(Virgin Atlantic - Cape Winelands: New Franschhoek Wine Tram )〕〔(Franschhoek Wine Valley - Franschhoek Wine Tram )〕 a tourism project utilizing a newly constructed tram modeled after the open-sided Brill Trams of circa 1890 to transport tourists between wine estates in the area.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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